@phdthesis{wang:tel-04678546,
  title = {{Improving the confidence of CFD results by deep learning}},
  author = {Wang, Lianfa},
  url = {https://pastel.hal.science/tel-04678546},
  number = {2024UPSLM008},
  school = {{Universit{\'e} Paris sciences et lettres}},
  year = {2024},
  month = Jul,
  keywords = {Flow phenomena identification ; Convolutional neural networks ; Graph neural networks ; Algebraic multigrid method ; Identification des ph{\'e}nom{\`e}nes d'{\'e}coulement ; R{\'e}seau neuronal convolutif ; R{\'e}seau neuronal en graphes ; M{\'e}thode alg{\'e}brique multigrille},
  type = {Theses},
  pdf = {https://pastel.hal.science/tel-04678546v1/file/2024UPSLM008_archivage.pdf},
  hal_id = {tel-04678546},
  hal_version = {v1},
}

@article{10.1063/5.0156975,
  author = {Wang, L. (王连法) and Fournier, Y. and Wald, J. F. and Mesri, Y.},
  title = {A graph neural network-based framework to identify flow phenomena on unstructured meshes},
  journal = {Physics of Fluids},
  volume = {35},
  number = {7},
  pages = {075149},
  year = {2023},
  month = {07},
  abstract = {Driven by the abundant data generated from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, machine learning (ML) methods surpass the deterministic criteria on flow phenomena identification in the way that they are independent of a case-by-case threshold by combining the flow field properties and the topological distribution of the phenomena. The current most popular and successful ML models based on convolutional neural networks are limited to structured meshes and unable to directly digest the data generated from unstructured meshes, which are more widely used in real industrial CFD simulations. We proposed a framework based on graph neural networks with the proposed fast Gaussian mixture model as the convolution kernel and U-Net architecture to detect flow phenomena based on a graph hierarchy generated by the algebraic multigrid method embedded in the open-source CFD solver, code\_saturne. We demonstrate the superiority of the proposed kernel and U-Net architecture, along with the generality of the framework to unstructured mesh and unseen case, on detecting the vortices once trained on a single backward-facing step case. Our proposed framework can be trivially extended to detect more flow phenomena in three dimensional cases, which is ongoing work.},
  issn = {1070-6631},
  doi = {10.1063/5.0156975},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0156975},
  eprint = {https://pubs.aip.org/aip/pof/article-pdf/doi/10.1063/5.0156975/18060383/075149\_1\_5.0156975.pdf},
}

@article{wang2024106104,
  title = {Identification of vortex in unstructured mesh with graph neural networks},
  journal = {Computers & Fluids},
  volume = {268},
  pages = {106104},
  year = {2024},
  issn = {0045-7930},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2023.106104},
  url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045793023003298},
  author = {Lianfa Wang and Yvan Fournier and Jean-François Wald and Youssef Mesri},
  keywords = {Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Vortex identification, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Graph Neural Ne  twork (GNN), Unstructured mesh}
}
@article{balvet2023analysis,
  title={Analysis of wall-modelled particle/mesh PDF methods for turbulent parietal flows},
  author={Balvet, Guilhem and Minier, Jean-Pierre and Roustan, Yelva and Ferrand, Martin},
  journal={Monte Carlo Methods and Applications},
  volume={29},
  number={4},
  pages={275--305},
  year={2023},
  publisher={De Gruyter}
}

@article{norddine2023realizability,
  title={Realizability-preserving time-stepping for the differential Reynolds stress turbulence models},
  author={Norddine, T and Ferrand, M and Benhamadouche, S},
  journal={Journal of Computational Physics},
  volume={494},
  pages={112511},
  year={2023},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@inproceedings{ferrand2023scheme,
  title={A Scheme Using the Wave Structure of Second-Moment Turbulent Models for Incompressible Flows},
  author={Ferrand, Martin and H{\'e}rard, Jean-Marc and Norddine, Thomas and Ruget, Simon},
  booktitle={International Conference on Finite Volumes for Complex Applications},
  pages={111--119},
  year={2023},
  organization={Springer}
}

@inproceedings{narvaez2023automatic,
  title={Automatic Solid Reconstruction from 3-D Points Set for Flow Simulation via an Immersed Boundary Method},
  author={Narv{\'a}ez, Gabriel F and Ferrand, Martin and Fonty, Thomas and Benhamadouche, Sofiane},
  booktitle={International Conference on Finite Volumes for Complex Applications},
  pages={355--363},
  year={2023},
  organization={Springer}
}

@inproceedings{amiot2023simulation,
  title={Simulation num{\'e}rique de la r{\'e}duction d'{\'e}vaporation d'un r{\'e}servoir li{\'e}e {\`a} l'int{\'e}gration d'une centrale photovolta{\"\i}que flottante},
  author={Amiot, Baptiste and Djermoune, Asma and Ferrand, Martin and Le Berre, R{\'e}mi},
  booktitle={Journ{\'e}e Nationales de l'Energie Solaire},
  year={2023}
}

@article{balvet2023time,
  title={A time-step-robust algorithm to compute particle trajectories in 3-D unstructured meshes for Lagrangian stochastic methods},
  author={Balvet, Guilhem and Minier, Jean-Pierre and Henry, Christophe and Roustan, Yelva and Ferrand, Martin},
  journal={Monte Carlo Methods and Applications},
  volume={29},
  number={2},
  pages={95--126},
  year={2023},
  publisher={De Gruyter}
}

@inproceedings{amiot2023sheltering,
  title={Sheltering Effect from Floating Photovoltaics over the Waterbody-atmosphere Interface},
  author={Amiot, Baptiste and Ferrand, Martin and Vidal Hurtado, Javier and others},
  booktitle={EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts},
  pages={EGU--9231},
  year={2023}
}

@article{ferrand2023stable,
  title={Stable schemes for second-moment turbulent models for incompressible flows},
  author={Ferrand, Martin and H{\'e}rard, Jean-Marc and Norddine, Thomas and Ruget, Simon},
  journal={Comptes Rendus. M{\'e}canique},
  volume={351},
  number={G2},
  pages={337--353},
  year={2023}
}

@article{amino2022time,
  author = {Amino, Hector and Flageul, Cédric and Benhamadouche, Sofiane and Tiselj, Iztok and Carissimo, Bertrand and Ferrand, Martin},
  title = {A time-staggered second order conservative time scheme for variable density flow},
  journal = {International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids},
  volume = {94},
  number = {12},
  pages = {1964-1995},
  keywords = {CFD, pressure correction, finite volume, compressible flow, second order, RANS, LES},
  doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.5116},
  url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/fld.5116},
  eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/fld.5116},
  abstract = {Abstract In this study, we present a robust conservative time-staggered scheme for variable density flow. This pressure correction scheme uses the compressible Navier–Stokes equations and is implemented in the collocated finite-volume open-source computational fluid dynamics solver code\_saturne. The Helmholtz equation is solved for the pressure increment, taking the thermodynamic pressure into account and avoiding the acoustic time step limitation. The internal energy equation is used and completed by a source term derived from the discrete kinetic energy equation, thus enforcing total energy conservation and consistency for irregular solutions. A numerical analysis providing conditions ensuring the positivity of the thermodynamic variables is proposed. The scheme is verified and validated against analytical and experimental test cases. Its ability to reproduce the pressure variation while conserving the mass is demonstrated. Its conservative property and time convergence order are also verified. An irregular shock solution is studied, emphasizing the importance of the source term in the internal energy equation. Finally, the scheme is validated against reference numerical results on a two-dimensional natural convection cavity and experimental data on a three-dimensional ventilation test case. The comparison against experimental data is made using first-and second-order turbulent simulations.},
  year = {2022},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

@inproceedings{amino2022time:eccomas,
  title={A Time-Staggered CFD Scheme for Moist Air Variable Density Flow},
  author={Amino, Hector Amino and Flageul, C{\'e}dric and Carissimo, Bertrand and Ferrand, Martin},
  booktitle={ECCOMAS Congress 2022-8th European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering},
  year={2022}
}

% Duplicate with above
% inproceedings{amino2022time,
%  title={A TIME-STAGGERED SECOND ORDER SCHEME FOR MOIST AIR VARIABLE DENSITY FLOW},
%  author={Amino, Hector and Flageul, C{\'e}dric and Carissimo, Bertrand and Ferrand, Martin and H{\'e}rard, Jean-Marc},
%  booktitle={European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering},
%  year={2022}
%}

@article{al2022modeling,
  title={Modeling the Contribution of Aerosols to Fog Evolution through Their Influence on Solar Radiation},
  author={Al Asmar, Lea and Musson-Genon, Luc and Dupont, Eric and Ferrand, Martin and Sartelet, Karine},
  journal={Climate},
  volume={10},
  number={5},
  pages={61},
  year={2022},
  publisher={MDPI}
}

@inproceedings{amino2022second,
  title={A second order conservative time-staggered scheme for all speed flow},
  author={Amino, Hector and Flageul, C{\'e}dric and Benhamadouche, Sofiane and Tiselj, Iztok and Carissimo, Bertrand and Ferrand, Martin},
  booktitle={UKHTC},
  year={2022}
}

@phdthesis{ferrand2022free,
  title={Free-surface flow simulations with a Lagrangian and an Arbitrary Lagrangian--Eulerian methods},
  author={Ferrand, Martin},
  year={2022},
  school={{\'E}cole des Ponts ParisTech}
}

@article{Zhukovskii:jpd:2021,
	doi = {10.1088/1361-6463/ac2cec},
	year = 2021,
	month = {oct},
	publisher = {{IOP} Publishing},
	volume = {55},
	number = {6},
	pages = {065202},
	author = {Rodion Zhukovskii and Christophe Chazelas and Vincent Rat and Armelle Vardelle and Ron Molz},
	title = {Model of a non-transferred arc cascaded-anode plasma torch: the two-temperature formulation},
	journal = {Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics},
	abstract = {This study presents an analysis of a three-dimensional unsteady two-temperature simulation of atmospheric pressure direct current electric arc inside a commercial cascaded-anode plasma spray torch; it coupled the arc model with the torch electrodes and used an open-source computational fluid dynamics software (code_saturne). The previously published models of plasma spray torch either deal with conventional plasma torches or assume local thermodynamic equilibrium in cascaded-anode plasma torches. The paper presents the computation of the two-temperature argon plasma properties, compares two enthalpy formulations that differ in association of the ionization part of enthalpy and finally demonstrates the influence of the radiation heat loss data by comparingthe results for two different literature sources. It is the first to compare different enthalpy formulations in the context of plasma torch and discuss the differences in terms of the enthalpy gains and losses. It also explains why an unphysical simulation artifact of electron temperature lower than the heavy species temperature can occur in simulated plasma flow. The solution, then, consists in associating the ionization part of enthalpy to electrons and selecting the appropriate source of the data of radiation heat loss. However, negligible thermal non-equilibrium persists even in the hot core of electric arc, which ensures that the heavy species are heated up by collisions with electrons. The flexibility of the open-source software allows all the necessary modifications and adjustments to achieve satisfactory simulation results. Thus, the paper could be considered as a manual for development of a plasma spray torch model.}
}

@article{Zhukovskii:jtst:2021,
author = {Zhukovskii, Rodion and Chazelas, Christophe and Rat, Vincent and Vardelle, Armelle and Molz, Ron},
year = {2021},
month = {09},
pages = {},
title = {Predicted Anode Arc Attachment by LTE (Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium) and 2-T (Two-Temperature) Arc Models in a Cascaded-Anode DC Plasma Spray Torch},
journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology},
doi = {10.1007/s11666-021-01253-4}
}

@article{Zhukovskii:jtst:2020,
  title = {{Effect of Electromagnetic Boundary Conditions on Reliability of Plasma Torch Models}},
  author = {Zhukovskii, Rodion and Chazelas, Christophe and Vardelle, Armelle and Rat, Vincent and Distler, Bernd},
  journal = {{Journal of Thermal Spray Technology}},
  publisher = {{ASM International/Springer}},
  volume = {29},
  number = {5},
  pages = {894-907},
  year = {2020},
  doi = {10.1007/s11666-020-01052-3},
  keywords = {atmospheric plasma spray (APS) ; computational fluid dynamics ; electric arc model ; heat transfer ; modeling ; torch modeling},
  pdf = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03091100/file/Zhukovskii2020_Article_EffectOfElectromagneticBoundar.pdf},
  hal_id = {hal-03091100},
  hal_version = {v1},
}

@article {411,
	title = {Massively Parallel Location and Exchange Tools for Unstructured Meshes},
	journal = {International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {549{\textendash}568},
	doi = {10.1080/10618562.2020.1810676},
	author = {Yvan Fournier}
}

@article{Zhukovskii:jtst:2019,
author = {Zhukovskii, Rodion and Chazelas, Christophe and Vardelle, Armelle and Rat, Vincent},
year = {2019},
month = {12},
pages = {},
title = {Control of the Arc Motion in DC Plasma Spray Torch with a Cascaded Anode},
volume = {29},
journal = {Journal of Thermal Spray Technology},
doi = {10.1007/s11666-019-00969-8}
}

@phdthesis {410,
	title = {Amélioration des performances via un parallélisme multi-niveaux en maillage sur un code de CFD en maillages non structurés},
	year = {2019},
	school = {Université de Bordeaux},
	type = {phdTheses},
	keywords = {CFD, Graphes de tâches, Maillages non structurés, PTG, STF, Task graph, unstructured meshes},
	url = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02893286},
	author = {Lorendeau, Benjamin}
}

@article {354,
	title = {A Correlation for the Discontinuity of the Temperature Variance Dissipation Rate at the Fluid-Solid Interface in Turbulent Channel Flows},
	journal = {Flow, Turbulence and Combustion},
	year = {2019},
	url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01995617},
	author = {Flageul, Cédric and Tiselj, Iztok and Benhamadouche, Sofiane and Ferrand, Martin}
}

@techreport{ribes:hal-02016828,
  TITLE = {{Large scale in transit computation of quantiles for ensemble runs}},
  AUTHOR = {Ribes, Alejandro and Terraz, Théophile and Iooss, Bertrand and Fournier, Yvan and Raffin, Bruno},
  URL = {https://hal.inria.fr/hal-02016828},
  TYPE = {Research Report},
  INSTITUTION = {{EDF R\\&D}},
  YEAR = {2019},
  MONTH = Jun,
  KEYWORDS = {In Situ Data Processing ; Parametric Studies ; Uncertainty Quantification ; Iterative Statistics ; Robbins-Monro},
  PDF = {https://hal.inria.fr/hal-02016828v2/file/paper.pdf},
  HAL_ID = {hal-02016828},
  HAL_VERSION = {v2},
}

@phdthesis {359,
	title = {Adaptation of the hybrid Eulerian/Lagrangian stochastic model of the CFD code Code\_Saturne to pollutant atmospheric dispersion at the micro-meteorological scale and comparison with the Eulerian method},
	year = {2018},
	school = {Université Paris-Est},
	type = {phdTheses},
	keywords = {Atmospheric boundary layer, Atmospheric dispersion, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Couche limite atmosphérique, Dispersion atmosphérique, Eulerian modeling, Lagrangian stochastic modeling, Modélisation eulérienne, Modélisation lagrangienne stochastique, turbulence},
	url = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02067289},
	author = {Bahlali, Meïssam}
}

@article {375,
	title = {Experimenting task-based runtimes on a legacy Computational Fluid Dynamics code with unstructured meshes},
	journal = {Computers and Fluids},
	volume = {173},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {51-58},
	keywords = {Code Saturne, PaRSEC, runtime systems, tasks, unstructured meshes},
	doi = {10.1016/j.compfluid.2018.03.076},
	url = {https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01901975},
	author = {Jeannot, Emmanuel and Fournier, Yvan and Lorendeau, Benjamin}
}

@article{bonelle:hal-01624854,
  TITLE = {{New Polyhedral Discretisation Methods applied to the Richards Equation: CDO Schemes in Code Saturne}},
  AUTHOR = {Bonelle, Jérôme and Fournier, Yvan and Moulinec, Charles},
  URL = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01624854},
  JOURNAL = {{Computers and Fluids}},
  PUBLISHER = {{Elsevier}},
  VOLUME = {173},
  PAGES = {93--102},
  YEAR = {2018},
  MONTH = Sep,
  DOI = {10.1016/j.compfluid.2018.03.026},
  PDF = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01624854/file/BoFoM17-CDO-HPC.pdf},
  HAL_ID = {hal-01624854},
  HAL_VERSION = {v1},
}

@inproceedings{fournier:hal-01667320,
  TITLE = {{Experiments with multi-level parallelism runtimes on a CFD code with unstructured meshes}},
  AUTHOR = {Fournier, Yvan and Jeannot, Emmanuel and Lorendeau, Benjamin},
  URL = {https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01667320},
  BOOKTITLE = {{ParCFD 2017 - 29th International Conference on Parallel Computational Fluid Dynamics}},
  ADDRESS = {Glasgow, United Kingdom},
  YEAR = {2017},
  MONTH = May,
  PDF = {https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01667320/file/abstract.pdf},
  HAL_ID = {hal-01667320},
  HAL_VERSION = {v1},
}

@inproceedings {392,
	title = {Implementation of a drift flux multiphase model fo 3D draft cooling tower simulations in Code\_Saturne},
	booktitle = {18th IARH International Conference on Cooling Tower and Air Cooled Heat Exchanger},
	year = {2017},
	address = {16-20 October 2017, Lyon, France},
	abstract = {Numerical tools are used to design cooling towers or to evaluate the impact of
systems modifications through retrofitting or degradation. However, due to the complexity of
the physical phenomena involved and the dimensions of the systems, numerical modelling of
draft cooling towers in three dimensions represents a significant challenge. This paper
presents the work currently under way to implement a new cooling tower module in version
5.0 of the general, 3D CFD open source solver, Code\_Saturne. To obtain significant accuracy
and yet limit the number of flow equations which must be solved, the multiphase flow has
been cast into the flow of liquid water and humid air using the drift flux model. The model
and preliminary verifications on a realistic 2D tower case are presented. Extensions of the
framework and validation against experimental data are then discussed.},
	keywords = {CFD, Code\_Saturne, Cooling towers, Multiphase, open-source},
	author = {Tonello, N. and Ferrand, M. and Fournier, Y.}
}

@inproceedings{10.1145/3126908.3126922,
author = {Terraz, Th\'{e}ophile and Ribes, Alejandro and Fournier, Yvan and Iooss, Bertrand and Raffin, Bruno},
title = {Melissa: Large Scale in Transit Sensitivity Analysis Avoiding Intermediate Files},
year = {2017},
isbn = {9781450351140},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3126908.3126922},
doi = {10.1145/3126908.3126922},
abstract = {Global sensitivity analysis is an important step for analyzing and validating numerical
simulations. One classical approach consists in computing statistics on the outputs
from well-chosen multiple simulation runs. Simulation results are stored to disk and
statistics are computed postmortem. Even if supercomputers enable to run large studies,
scientists are constrained to run low resolution simulations with a limited number
of probes to keep the amount of intermediate storage manageable. In this paper we
propose a file avoiding, adaptive, fault tolerant and elastic framework that enables
high resolution global sensitivity analysis at large scale. Our approach combines
iterative statistics and in transit processing to compute Sobol' indices without any
intermediate storage. Statistics are updated on-the-fly as soon as the in transit
parallel server receives results from one of the running simulations. For one experiment,
we computed the Sobol' indices on 10M hexahedra and 100 timesteps, running 8000 parallel
simulations executed in 1h27 on up to 28672 cores, avoiding 48TB of file storage.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis},
articleno = {61},
numpages = {14},
keywords = {in transit processing, sensitivity analysis, ensemble simulation, multi-run simulations, sobol' index},
location = {Denver, Colorado},
series = {SC '17}
}

@InProceedings{10.1007/978-3-319-61982-8_5,
author="Anzt, Hartwig
and Baboulin, Marc
and Dongarra, Jack
and Fournier, Yvan
and Hulsemann, Frank
and Khabou, Amal
and Wang, Yushan",
editor="Dutra, In{\^e}s
and Camacho, Rui
and Barbosa, Jorge
and Marques, Osni",
title="Accelerating the Conjugate Gradient Algorithm with GPUs in CFD Simulations",
booktitle="High Performance Computing for Computational Science -- VECPAR 2016",
year="2017",
publisher="Springer International Publishing",
address="Cham",
pages="35--43",
abstract="This paper illustrates how GPU computing can be used to accelerate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. For sparse linear systems arising from finite volume discretization, we evaluate and optimize the performance of Conjugate Gradient (CG) routines designed for manycore accelerators and compare against an industrial CPU-based implementation. We also investigate how the recent advances in preconditioning, such as iterative Incomplete Cholesky (IC, as symmetric case of ILU) preconditioning, match the requirements for solving real world problems.",
isbn="978-3-319-61982-8"
}

@phdthesis {352,
	title = {{Adaptive wall treatment for a second moment closure in the industrial context}},
	year = {2016},
	school = {{Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour}},
	type = {phdTheses},
	keywords = {Non disponible pour le moment},
	url = {https://hal.inria.fr/tel-01415106},
	author = {Wald, Jean-François}
}

@phdthesis {350,
	title = {{Approximation of scalar and vector transport problems on polyhedral meshes}},
	year = {2016},
	school = {{Université Paris-Est}},
	type = {phdTheses},
	keywords = {Advection, Diffusion, Friedrichs systems, Maillages polyédriques, Polyhedral meshes, Scalar transport, Systèmes de Friedrichs, Transport scalaire, Transport vectoriel, Vector transport},
	url = {https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01419312},
	author = {Cantin, Pierre}
}

@inproceedings {370,
	title = {In Situ Statistical Analysis for Parametric Studies},
	booktitle = {In Situ Infrastructures for Enabling Extreme-scale Analysis and Visualization (ISAV2016)},
	year = {2016},
	address = {Salt Lake City, United States},
	keywords = {In Situ Processing, In Transit, Iterative Statistics, Parametric Studies},
	url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01383860},
	author = {Terraz, Théophile and Raffin, Bruno and Ribes, Alejandro and Fournier, Yvan}
}

@inproceedings {369,
	title = {Numerical Analysis of the FDA Centrifugal Blood Pump},
	booktitle = {NIC Symposium 2016},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Feb},
	publisher = {NIC Symposium 2016, J{\"u}lich (Germany), 11 Feb 2016 - 12 Feb 2016},
	organization = {NIC Symposium 2016, J{\"u}lich (Germany), 11 Feb 2016 - 12 Feb 2016},
	address = {J{\"u}lich},
	abstract = {Ventricular Assist Devices (VADs) are commonly implanted to assist patients suffering fromheart diseases. They provide long- and short-term support for the human heart and help patientsto recover from heart attacks and from congestive heart failure. It is essential to design bloodsensitiveVADs to minimise the risk of hemolysis and thrombosis. The blood pump, however,must operate at a wide range of flow rates and pressure heads which makes a low-risk design achallenging task. In this study the flow in a centrifugal blood pump, provided by the U.S. Foodand Drug Administration (FDA), is investigated by means of numerical simulations on highperformance computers. The simulations are carried out for different operation REYNOLDSnumbers. A total of 15 pump revolutions is performed to obtain quasi-steady results. The pressuredrop across the pump is considered to study convergence of the solution and to characterisethe energy loss of the device. Investigations of the velocity field show that there exist high velocitiesand strong velocity gradients and shear layers in the outflow region potentially leadingto hemolysis. Investigations of the wall-shear stress reveal the existence of thin boundary layersat the blade tips. Finally, the motor torque is investigated to identify the force acting onthe blades. All the findings show that there is a strong need to develop more blood-sensitivedesigns to reduce the risk of hemolysis and thrombosis.},
	url = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/807060},
	author = {Marinova, V. and Kerroumi, I. and Lintermann, Andreas and G{\"o}bbert, Jens Henrik and Moulinec, C. and Rible, S. and Fournier, Y. and Behbahani, M.}
}

@article {381,
	title = {Vertex-based Compatible Discrete Operator schemes on polyhedral meshes for advection-diffusion equations},
	journal = {Computational Methods in Applied Mathematics},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {187-212},
	author = {Cantin, P. and Ern, A.}
}

@article {382,
	title = {A vertex-based scheme on polyhedral meshes for advection{\textendash}reaction equations with sub-mesh stabilization},
	journal = {Computers \& Mathematics with Applications},
	volume = {72},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {2057 - 2071},
	issn = {0898-1221},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.camwa.2016.07.038},
	author = {P. Cantin and J. Bonelle and E. Burman and A. Ern}
}

@article {378,
	title = {Analysis of Compatible Discrete Operator Schemes for the Stokes Equations on Polyhedral Meshes},
	journal = {IMA J. Numer. Anal.},
	year = {2015},
	doi = {10.1093/imanum/dru051},
	author = {J. Bonelle and A. Ern}
}

@article {305,
	title = {A comprehensive CFD based model for domestic biomass heating systems},
	journal = {Journal of the Energy Institute},
	year = {2015},
	abstract = {This paper presents the efforts toward a reliable baseline computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for domestic biomass heating systems with a special emphasis on CO and CO2 emissions.

The model accounts for the different phases of biomass thermochemical conversion steps (drying, pyrolysis, gasification, gaseous combustion and char combustion).

The conversion of biomass is described using a bed model approach which is considered to be an arrangement of three layers: drying layer, pyrolysis layer and char layer. The fuel release conditions are provided by these layers via a set of mixture fractions.

Standard k-ε model is employed for turbulence modelling. Turbulence {\textendash} chemistry interactions are described by a pre-assumed PDF (Probability Density Function) {\textendash} mixture fraction method. Radiation is accounted for by the DOM model (Discrete Ordinates Model).

The model is developed in the framework of Code\_Saturne (open source software). It is applied to analyze the design of a commercial wood log stove with a nominal thermal capacity of 10 kWt. Experiments have been also performed to provide data for model input and validation.

The simulation results revealed a considerable potential for stove geometry optimization and emissions reduction. The CFD results can be taken as a guideline for an improved design with regards to emissions and efficiency.},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1743967114201450},
	author = {F. Tabet and V. Fichet and P. Plion}
}

@article{BONELLE201527,
title = {Low-order reconstruction operators on polyhedral meshes: application to compatible discrete operator schemes},
journal = {Computer Aided Geometric Design},
volume = {35-36},
pages = {27-41},
year = {2015},
note = {Geometric Modeling and Processing 2015},
issn = {0167-8396},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cagd.2015.03.015},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167839615000382},
author = {Jérôme Bonelle and Daniele A. {Di Pietro} and Alexandre Ern},
keywords = {Reconstruction operator, Polyhedral meshes, Compatible discretizations},
abstract = {We study low-order reconstruction operators on polyhedral meshes, providing a unified framework for degrees of freedom attached to vertices, edges, faces, and cells. We present two equivalent sets of design properties and draw links with the literature. In particular, the two-level construction based on a P0-consistent and a stabilization part provides a systematic way of designing these operators. We present a simple example of piecewise constant reconstruction in each mesh cell, relying on geometric identities to fulfill the design properties on polyhedral meshes. Finally, we use these reconstruction operators to define a Hodge inner product and build Compatible Discrete Operator schemes, and we test the influence of the reconstruction operators in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency on an anisotropic diffusion problem.}
}

@phdthesis{martin:tel-01235089,
  TITLE = {{Modélisation d'écoulements fluides en milieu encombré d'obstacles}},
  AUTHOR = {MARTIN, Xavier},
  URL = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01235089},
  SCHOOL = {{Aix Marseille Université}},
  YEAR = {2015},
  MONTH = Nov,
  KEYWORDS = {Finite Volumes ; Integral formulation ; Compressible flows ; Porous media ; Variable cross-section ducts ; Conduite à section variable ; Volumes finis ; Formulation intégrale ; Ecoulements compressibles ; Milieux poreux},
  TYPE = {Theses},
  PDF = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01235089/file/Xavier_MARTIN-Manuscrit_final_de_these-27-11-2015.pdf},
  HAL_ID = {tel-01235089},
  HAL_VERSION = {v1},
}

@article {304,
	title = {Modelling atmospheric effects on performance and plume dispersal from natural draft wet cooling towers},
	journal = {Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics},
	volume = {136},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {151-164},
	abstract = {The study of cooling towers in realistic atmospheric conditions is important to assess their performance and plume dispersal as a function of wind speed and hygrometric conditions for their economical and public health consequences. In the present work the plume formation and its dispersal are modeled using a finite volume method on grid including details of the towers. The air mass flow and heat transfer are simulated inside and outside the tower. The equations for the transport of momentum, mass and liquid potential temperature are solved using the CFD software Code Saturne. In contrast to other studies dealing with the performance of cooling towers, the exchange processes inside the tower are represented with a source terms approach. The adiabatic expansion of the plume at the exit of the tower in the atmosphere is accounted for using the thermodynamical laws. The results of the simulation are compared to the measurement at Bugey nuclear power plant. The results of the model are shown to be in good agreement with the field measurements from point of view of the air flow structures, plume patterns and thermodynamical variables. Based on this reference simulation we study the variation of the cooling tower performance against the wind speed and quantify the effect of the ambient wind speed increase on the reduction of the natural draft. We also discuss the sheltering effect that the upstream tower can have on the other.},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016761051400230X},
	author = {A. Chahine and P. Matharan and D. Wendum and L. Musson-genon and R. Bresson and B. Carissimo}
}

@article {306,
	title = {A near-wall domain decomposition approach in application to turbulent flow in a diffuser},
	journal = {Applied Mathematical Modelling},
	year = {2015},
	abstract = {Turbulent flow in an asymmetric, two-dimensional diffuser is studied using a near-wall domain decomposition method and a k{\textendash}εk{\textendash}ε turbulence model. A one-dimensional boundary layer equation is used to transfer the boundary conditions from the wall to an interface within the flow. The boundary conditions applied to the fluid velocity and turbulent kinetic energy are of Robin type. They are mesh independent and can account for arbitrary source terms. This approach avoids the computational expense of fully simulating the turbulent boundary layers. For the first time, the technique has been applied to modelling a separated flow with an unstructured code. It is shown how the interface boundary condition on the turbulent kinetic energy allows the recirculation region in the diffuser to be captured. In contrast, the standard wall function approach, based on the log law, fails to predict any recirculation region. The only parameter required to apply the domain decomposition method is a turbulent viscosity profile across the boundary layer. Three different profiles are used in this work. It is shown how making the turbulent viscosity a function of the pressure gradient improves flow predictions for the diffuser. The results demonstrate that the method is an efficient way to simulate the boundary layers in engineering problems that include complex geometries or separating flows.},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0307904X15003741},
	author = {Adam Jones and Sergey Utyuzhnikov}
}

@inproceedings {pareng2015.31,,
	title = {Recent and Upcoming Changes in Code\_Saturne: Computational Fluid Dynamics HPC Tools Oriented Features},
	booktitle = {Fourth International Conference on Parallel, Distributed, Grid and Cloud Computing for Engineering},
	year = {2015},
	month = {03/2015},
	publisher = {Civil-Comp Press, Stirlingshire, UK},
	organization = {Civil-Comp Press, Stirlingshire, UK},
	address = {Dubrovnik, Croatia},
	doi = {doi:10.4203/ccp.107.31},
	author = {Fournier, Yvan and Bonelle, Jérôme and Le Coupanec, Erwan and Ribes, Alejandro and Lorendeau, Benjamin and Moulinec, Charles}
}

@inproceedings {pareng2015.28,
	title = {Parallel Sparse Matrix Vector Product with OpenMP for SMPs in Code\_Saturne},
	booktitle = {Fourth International Conference on Parallel, Distributed, Grid and Cloud Computing for Engineering},
	year = {2015},
	month = {03/2015},
	publisher = {Civil-Comp Press, Stirlingshire, UK},
	organization = {Civil-Comp Press, Stirlingshire, UK},
	address = {Dubrovnik, Croatia},
	doi = {doi:10.4203/ccp.107.28},
	author = {V. Szeremi and L. Anton and C. Evangelinos and C. Moulinec and Y. Fournier}
}

@article {303,
	title = {Simulation of the flame describing function of a turbulent premixed flame using an open-source LES solver},
	journal = {Combustion and Flame},
	volume = {162},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {1778-1792},
	abstract = {Numerical simulations were used to characterise the non-linear response of a turbulent premixed flame to acoustic velocity fluctuations. The test flame simulated was the bluff body stabilised flame which has been the subject of a detailed experimental study (Balachandran et al., 2005). Simulations were performed using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) via the open source Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software, Code\_SaturneCode\_Saturne, with combustion modelled by combining a Flame Surface Density (FSD) method with a fractal approach for the wrinkling factor. The cold flow field and the unforced reacting flow were used for preliminary code validation. In order to characterise the non-linear response of the unsteady heat release rate to acoustic forcing, a harmonically varying velocity fluctuation, for which both the forcing frequency and normalised forcing amplitude were varied, was imposed. The flame response was characterised via a Flame Describing Function (FDF), also known as a non-linear flame transfer function, for which the gain and phase shift depend on forcing amplitude as well as forcing frequency. The response at four frequencies was compared to experimental data in detail, confirming that the LES results captured both the qualitative flame dynamics and the quantitative response of the heat release rate with very reasonable accuracy. The full FDF was then obtained across more frequencies, again showing a good fit with the experimental data, other than for a slight under-prediction in gain, most probably due to neglecting the effect of wall heat loss and the effect of combustion modelling. The agreement was significantly better than has been obtained previously for this test case using numerical simulations. Finally, it was found that increasing combustor length had little affect on the flame response, which may prove useful for future long combustor stability and limit cycle analysis. This work thus confirms that LES, in this case via the open source Code\_SaturneCode\_Saturne, provides a useful tool for characterising the response of lean premixed turbulent flames.},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010218014003939},
	author = {Xingsi Han and Aimee S. Morgans}
}

@article{DALSECCO2015672,
title = {Using a genetic algorithm and CFD to identify low NOx configurations in an industrial boiler},
journal = {Fuel},
volume = {158},
pages = {672-683},
year = {2015},
issn = {0016-2361},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.06.021},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016236115006018},
author = {Sandro {Dal Secco} and Olivier Juan and Myriam Louis-Louisy and Jean-Yves Lucas and Pierre Plion and Lynda Porcheron},
keywords = {CFD modelling, NO emissions, Corrosion, Industrial boiler, Pulverized coal combustion, Genetic algorithm},
abstract = {This paper focuses on a computational intelligence approach used for minimizing NOx emissions in a 600MW tangentially-fired pulverized-coal boiler. Genetic Algorithms (GA) were used to correlate operating parameters to significant output data predicted by CFD simulations of the boiler. The operating parameters include the opening or closing of air dampers, changing the coal distribution through mill selection and feed rate and vertical tilting of the burners. A target function was introduced to estimate for each boiler settings defined by given operating parameters, the costs associated with corrosion on the water-wall tubes, heterogeneous heat flux distribution along the walls, unburned carbon in fly ash and NOx emissions. The GA was able to automatically generate innovative boiler configurations among thousands of CFD calculations performed. The target function allowed the search space to be explored to establish configurations offering a good compromise between NOx reduction and the cost associated with corrosion in particular. Moreover, the predicted NOx emissions from the GA model are consistent with the NOx levels measured during test campaigns.}
}

@article {379,
	title = {Analysis of Compatible Discrete Operator Schemes for Elliptic Problems on Polyhedral Meshes},
	journal = {ESAIM: Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis},
	volume = {48},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {553{\textendash}581},
	doi = {10.1051/m2an/2013104},
	author = {J. Bonelle and A. Ern}
}

@inproceedings{10.1007/978-3-319-05591-6_57,
	title = {An Anisotropic Diffusion Finite Volume Algorithm Using a Small Stencil},
	booktitle = {Finite Volumes for Complex Applications VII-Elliptic, Parabolic and Hyperbolic Problems},
	year = {2014},
	publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
	organization = {Springer International Publishing},
	address = {Cham},
	abstract = {This article presents a finite volume algorithm to solve anisotropic heterogeneous diffusion equations within the open source CFD software Code{\_}Saturne. This algorithm has the advantage to use a small stencil composed of face neighbouring cells only, which makes it easy to parallelize. The resolution is performed through an iterative process (fixed point Picard algorithm). Second order convergence in space is numerically obtained on various analytical test-cases and mesh sequences of the FVCA6 benchmark and the results are compared to the barycentric version of the SUSHI scheme [3].},
	isbn = {978-3-319-05591-6},
	author = {Ferrand, Martin and Fontaine, Jacques and Angelini, Ophélie},
	editor = {Fuhrmann, J{\"u}rgen and Ohlberger, Mario and Rohde, Christian}
}

@phdthesis {351,
	title = {{Compatible discrete operator schemes on polyhedral meshes for elliptic and Stokes equations}},
	year = {2014},
	school = {{Université Paris-Est}},
	type = {phdTheses},
	keywords = {Compatible discretization, Discrete Hodge operator, Discrétisation compatible, Discrétisation mimétique, Elliptic, Elliptique, Mimetic discretization, Opérateur de Hodge discret, Opérateur Discret Compatible (CDO), Polyhedral mesh, Stokes},
	url = {https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01116527},
	author = {Bonelle, Jérôme}
}

@article {301,
	title = {A hybrid multigrid method for convection{\textendash}diffusion problems},
	journal = {Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics},
	volume = {259},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {711-719},
	abstract = {This paper presents an advanced performance study of a multigrid method designed for convection{\textendash}diffusion problems developed in Khelifi et al. (2011)  [24]. The proposed scheme with the separation of the operators enables an individual treatment for each operator: while the piecewise constant operator is used for the convective part, each off-diagonal entry of the coarse diffusion operator is scaled by a geometric factor. Numerical examples illustrate the fast convergence and the outstanding robustness of the proposed method, compared to other known methods.},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377042713002598},
	author = {N. Méchitoua and S. Chaabane Khelifi and F. H{\"u}lsemann and F. Magoulès}
}

@article {300,
	title = {Impact of mesh partitioning methods in CFD for large scale parallel computing},
	journal = {Computers \& Fluids},
	volume = {103},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {1-5},
	abstract = {It was well known that high performance computing depends on load balance and mesh cell distributions. A well balanced load can improve efficiency of parallel computing and minimizing the number of cells with remote neighbors can reduce the time spent on the data communication among processors. Mesh partitioning methods were able to optimize the mesh cell distributions for large scale parallel computing. In this paper, the open source mesh partitioning software packages, such as Metis, ParMetis, Scotch, PT-Scotch and Zoltan, were ported into Code\_Saturne, which is an open source CFD software package, for realizing the optimization on large scale CFD applications. Through the studies, it was found that the mesh partitioning methods strongly affect the CFD code on high performance computing especially for large scale parallel computing.},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045793014003016},
	author = {Zhi Shang}
}

@incollection{bizid:hal-01860920,
  TITLE = {{Penalty methods for turbulent flows interacting with obstacles}},
  AUTHOR = {Bizid, Wided and Etcheverlepo, Adrien and Vincent, St{\'e}phane and Caltagirone, Jean Paul and monfort, david and Hassine, Maatoug},
  URL = {https://hal-upec-upem.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01860920},
  BOOKTITLE = {{Notes On Numerical Fluid Mechanics And Multidisciplinary Design, Springer}},
  YEAR = {2014},
  HAL_ID = {hal-01860920},
  HAL_VERSION = {v1},
}

@article {299,
	title = {Deposit models for tube support plate flow blockage in Steam Generators},
	journal = {Nuclear Engineering and Design},
	volume = {262},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {418-428},
	abstract = {Corrosion product deposits in the secondary side of nuclear power plant Steam Generators may result in Tube Support Plate flow blockage, and tube fouling. In order to simulate those two phenomena in the whole Steam Generator, a solid deposit growth model has been developed by the EDF R\&D Division. This model is implemented in the frame of THYC, which is the EDF's reference code for the modeling of two-phase thermal-hydraulic phenomena at the subchannel scale. A new deposit process, based on Tube Support Plate flow blockage studies, has been developed and implemented in the model, and is presented in this work. It can be defined by two main steps: particle deposition, and strengthening process called ``flashing'' due to soluble species precipitation in the pores of the particle deposit. The relevance of this process is tested by comparing the simulation results to the actual levels of flow blockage observed in some nuclear plants. Two dominant trends are showed in this work: the flow blockage is more important on the hot leg than on the cold leg and at the top than at the bottom of the Steam Generators. Moreover the flow blockages at the upper Tube Support Plate have the special feature to be more important at the periphery than at the center. The ``flashing'' phenomenon allows one to underline the magnetite solubility dependence, so the pH dependence, of flow blockage phenomenon. A pH elevation of the secondary circuit seems to be a interesting remedy which is currently considered on EDF fleet.},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002954931300280X},
	author = {T. Prussek and E. Moleiro and F. Oukacine and A. Adobes and M. Jaeger and M. Grandotto}
}

@phdthesis{etcheverlepo:tel-00821897,
  TITLE = {{Développement de méthodes de domaines fictifs au second ordre}},
  AUTHOR = {Etcheverlepo, Adrien},
  URL = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00821897},
  NUMBER = {2013BOR14758},
  SCHOOL = {{Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I}},
  YEAR = {2013},
  MONTH = Jan,
  KEYWORDS = {Fictitious domain methods ; Immersed boundary methods ; Penalty methods ; Incompressible flows ; Rod-bundle ; Méthodes de domaines fictifs ; Méthodes de frontières immergées ; Méthodes de pénalisation ; Écoulements incompressibles ; Assemblage combustible},
  TYPE = {Theses},
  PDF = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00821897/file/Etcheverlepo_Adrien.pdf},
  HAL_ID = {tel-00821897},
  HAL_VERSION = {v1},
  ABSTRACT = { La simulation d'un écoulement dans une géométrie complexe nécessite la création d'un maillage parfois difficile à réaliser. La méthode de pénalisation proposée dans ce travail permet de simplifier cette étape. En effet, la résolution des équations qui gouvernent l'écoulement se fait sur un maillage plus simple mais non-adapté à la géométrie du problème. Les conditions aux limites sur les parties du domaine physique immergées dans le maillage sont prises en compte à travers l'ajout d'un terme de pénalisation dans les équations. Nous nous sommes intéressés à l'approximation du terme de pénalisation pour une discrétisation par volumes finis sur maillages décalés et collocatifs. Plusieurs cas tests attestent d'un ordre de convergence spatial égal à 2 pour la méthode de pénalisation appliquée à la résolution d'une équation de type Poisson ou des équations de Navier-Stokes. Puis, la méthode a été utilisée pour la simulation d'écoulements autour d'un cylindre puis d'un assemblage combustible.},
}

@inproceedings {6675158,
	title = {In-Situ visualization in fluid mechanics using Catalyst: A case study for Code Saturne},
	booktitle = {IEEE Symposium on Large Data Analysis and Visualization (LDAV)},
	year = {2013},
	month = {10},
	volume={},
	number={},
	pages={53-57},
	doi = {10.1109/LDAV.2013.6675158},
	author = {Lorendeau, Benjamin and Fournier, Yvan and Ribes, Alejandro},
}

@article {295,
	title = {MAGIC and Code\_Saturne developments and simulations for mechanically ventilated compartment fires},
	journal = {Fire Safety Journal},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {161-173},
	abstract = {Fire, being the main potential internal hazard in nuclear power plants, Electricité de France (EDF) is dealing with. Fire safety {\textendash} in all a plant's life stages; from conception to dismantling {\textendash} will always be therefore an essential factor.

In addition to prescriptive requirements in safety regulation, demonstrations are performed continuously using fire codes developed by EDF Research \& Development.

Modeling equations are subject to foreseen applications. MAGIC is a two zone code based on the assumption of hot and cold layer stratification, and is widely used for fire safety doctrine development, fire zone sectoring and Fire Probabilistic Risk Assessment. Code\_Saturne is a general purpose computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software which, among other things, simulates buoyancy-dominated turbulent diffusion flames through a URANS (Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier{\textendash}Stokes) approach, allowing more complex fire scenarios in larger buildings.

During the PRISME OECD fire research program, the interaction between fire and ventilation in confined environments was studied. Tests were performed in a concrete multi-compartment building, mechanically ventilated with rooms in connection through open doors or analytical leakages. Hydrocarbon (HTP) liquid pools range from 0.2 to 1 m2 and air renewal from 0 to 15 V h-1. PRISME tests highlighted the strong interaction between fire and ventilation and their results were used to upgrade the MAGIC ventilation network model. Good agreement of MAGIC numerical results with measurements, supplemented by sensitivity studies confirms its prediction ability. Code\_Saturne validation process for diverse reacting flows is presented and discussed in depth. Furthermore preliminary results for mechanically ventilated fires are also analysed.
},
	url = {    http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379711213000192},
	author = {Laurent Gay and Bertrand Sapa and Faitha Nmira}
}

@article {380,
	title = {Multiple threads and parallel challenges for large simulations to accelerate a general Navier{\textendash}Stokes CFD code on massively parallel systems},
	journal = {Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {843{\textendash}861},
	doi = {10.1002/cpe.2852},
	author = {Y. Fournier and J. Bonelle and P. Vezolle and J. Heyman and B. D'Amora and K. Magerlein and J. Magerlein and G. Braudaway and C. Moulinec and A. Sunderland}
}

@article {297,
	title = {Numerical modelling of wave current interactions at a local scale},
	journal = {Ocean Modelling},
	volume = {68},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {72-87},
	abstract = {The present work is focused on the evaluation of wave{\textendash}current interactions through numerical simulations of combined wave and current flows with the Code\_Saturne ( Archambeau et al., 2004), an advanced CFD solver based on the RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier{\textendash}Stokes) equations. The objectives of this paper are twofold. Firstly, changes in the mean horizontal velocity and the horizontal-velocity amplitude profiles are studied when waves are superposed on currents. The influence of various first and second order turbulence closure models is addressed. The results of the numerical simulations are compared to the experimental data of Klopman, 1994 and Umeyama, 2005. Secondly, a more detailed study of the shear stresses and the turbulence viscosity vertical profile changes is also pursued when waves and currents interact. This analysis is completed using the data from Umeyama (2005). A relationship between a non-dimensional parameter involving the turbulence viscosity and the Ursell number is subsequently proposed.},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1463500313000723},
	author = {Maria Jo{\~a}o Telesa and Ant{\'o}nio A. Pires-Silvaa and Michel Benoit}
}

@article {296,
	title = {Performance analysis of large scale parallel CFD computing based on Code\_Saturne},
	journal = {Computer Physics Communications},
	volume = {184},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {381-386},
	abstract = {In order to run computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes on large scales, parallel computing has to be employed. For instance, on Petascale computing, general parallel computing without any optimization is not enough, especially for complex industrial issues that employ a large number of mesh cells to capture the details of the geometry. How to distribute these mesh cells among the multi-processors for Terascale and Petascale systems to obtain a good performance on parallel computing is really a challenge. Some mesh partitioning software packages, such as Metis, ParMetis, PT-Scotch and Zoltan, were chosen as the candidates ported into Code\_Saturne to test if they can lead Code\_Saturne towards Petascale and Exascale parallel CFD computing. Through the studies, it was found that mesh partitioning optimization software packages based on the graph mesh partitioning method can help the CFD code obtain good mesh distributions for high performance computing (HPC).},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001046551200313X},
	author = {Zhi Shang}
}

@article {298,
	title = {Turbulent flow and loading on a tidal stream turbine by LES and RANS},
	journal = {International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow},
	volume = {43},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {96-108},
	abstract = {This paper presents results from numerical simulations of a 3-bladed horizontal axis tidal stream turbine. Initially, Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) k{\textendash}ω Shear Stress Transport eddy-viscosity and Launder{\textendash}Reece{\textendash}Rodi models were used for code validation and testing of a newly implemented sliding mesh technique for an unstructured finite volume code. Wall- and blade-resolved large-eddy simulations (LES) were then performed to study the complete geometry at various tip speed ratios (TSR). Thrust and power coefficients were compared to published experimental measurements obtained from a towing tank for a range of TSR (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10) at a fixed hub pitch angle. A strong meandering is observed downstream of the supporting tower due to interaction between the detached tip vortices and vortex shedding from the support structure. The wake profiles and rate of recovery of velocity deficit show high sensitivity to the upstream turbulence intensities. However, the mean thrust and power coefficients were found to be less sensitive to the upstream turbulence. Comparisons between RANS and LES are also presented for the mean sectional blade pressures and mean wake velocity profiles. The paper also presents an overview of modelling and numerical issues relating to simulations for such rotating geometries.},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142727X13000672},
	author = {I. Afgan and J. McNaughton and S. Rolfo and D.D. Apsley and T. Stallard and P. Stansby}
}

@phdthesis{martineau:tel-00921279,
  TITLE = {{Mod{\'e}lisation stochastique du d{\'e}p{\^o}t de particules colloïdales transport{\'e}es par des {\'e}coulements turbulents isothermes et non isothermes}},
  AUTHOR = {Martineau, Clara},
  URL = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00921279},
  NUMBER = {409},
  SCHOOL = {{Universit{\'e} Henri Poincar{\'e} - Nancy I}},
  YEAR = {2013},
  MONTH = Nov,
  KEYWORDS = {particle polydispersed flows ; lagrangian stochastic modeling ; turbulent structures ; thermophoresis ; colloidal particle ; {\'e}coulement diphasique polydispers{\'e} ; mod{\'e}lisation lagrangienne stochastique ; structures turbulentes ; thermophor{\`e}se ; particules colloïdales ; CFD},
  TYPE = {Theses},
  PDF = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00921279/file/main.pdf},
  HAL_ID = {tel-00921279},
  HAL_VERSION = {v1},
}

@article {springerlink:10.1007/s10494-011-9366-8,
	title = {Algebraic Modeling of the Turbulent Heat Fluxes Using the Elliptic Blending Approach-Application to Forced and Mixed Convection Regimes},
	journal = {Flow, Turbulence and Combustion},
	volume = {88},
	year = {2012},
	note = {10.1007/s10494-011-9366-8},
	pages = {77-100},
	publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
	issn = {1386-6184},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10494-011-9366-8},
	author = {Dehoux, Frederic and Yannick Lecocq and Sofiane Benhamadouche and Manceau, Remi and Brizzi, Laurent-Emmanuel}
}

@phdthesis{vialaneix:tel-01081682,
  TITLE = {{Algorithmes parallèles de manipulation de maillages}},
  AUTHOR = {Vialaneix, Guillaume},
  URL = {https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01081682},
  NUMBER = {2012ENST0068},
  SCHOOL = {{Télécom ParisTech}},
  YEAR = {2012},
  MONTH = Nov,
  KEYWORDS = {Grid pattern ; Maillage},
  TYPE = {Theses},
  PDF = {https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01081682/file/these_vialaneix.pdf},
  HAL_ID = {tel-01081682},
  HAL_VERSION = {v1},
}

@article {294,
	title = {Application of recently developed elliptic blending based models to separated flows},
	journal = {International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2012},
	chapter = {141-151},
	abstract = {This paper considers the application of four Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) models to a range of progressively complex test cases, exhibiting both 2-d and 3-d flow separation. Two Eddy Viscosity Models (EVM) and two Reynolds Stress Transport Models (RSM) are employed, of which two (one in each category) are based on elliptic blending formulations. By both reviewing the conclusions of previous studies, and from the present calculations, this study aims at gaining more insight into the importance of two modelling features for these flows: the usage of turbulence anisotropy resolving schemes, and the near-wall limiting behaviour.

In general the anisotropy and near wall treatment offered by both elliptic blending models is observed to offer some improvement over other models tested, although this is not always the case for the 2-d flows, where (as ever) a single ``best candidate'' model does not emerge.},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142727X12000616},
	author = {F. Billard and A. Revell and T. Craft}
}

@phdthesis {120,
	title = {Fatigue thermique : simulation numérique des chargements thermohydrauliques dans un té de mélange},
	volume = {PhD Thesis},
	school = {{Aix-Marseille}},
	year = {2012},
	month = Apr,
	pdf = {http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4370/document},
	author = {Jean-Marc Ndombo}
}

@article {246,
	title = {A fractional step method to compute a class of compressible gas-liquid flows},
	journal = {Computers and Fluid},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2012},
	chapter = {57-69},
	author = {Jean-Marc Hérard and Oliver Hurisse}
}

@phdthesis {117,
	title = {Investigation et application des méthodes d'ordre réduit pour les calculs d'écoulements dans les faisceaux tubulaires d'échangeurs de chaleur},
	year = {2012},
	school = {Université de la Rochelle},
	address = {La rochelle},
	abstract = {Cette thèse s'intéresse à la faisabilité de la mise en place de modèles d'ordre réduit pour l'étude des vibrations
sous écoulement au sein de faisceaux tubulaires d'échangeurs de chaleurs. Ces problématiques sont cruciales car
les systèmes étudiés sont des éléments majeurs des centrales nucléaires civiles et des chaufferies embarquées
dans les sous-marins.
Après avoir rappelé le fonctionnement et les risques vibratoires existants au sein des échangeurs de chaleur, des
calculs complets d'écoulement et de vibrations sous écoulement ont été effectués, d'abord pour un tube seul en
milieu infini, puis pour un faisceau de tubes. Ces calculs ont été menés avec l'outil CFD Code\_Saturne. La
méthode de réduction de modèle POD (Proper Orthogonal Decomposition) a été appliquée au cas des
écoulements avec la structure laissée fixe. Les résultats obtenus montrent l'efficacité de la méthode pour ces
configurations, moyennant l'introduction de méthodes de stabilisation pour l'écoulement au sein du faisceau.
La méthode POD-multiphasique, permettant d'adapter la méthode POD à l'interaction fluide-structure, a ensuite
été appliquée. Les grands déplacements d'un cylindre seul dans la zone d'accrochage (lock-in) ont été
correctement reproduits par cette méthode de réduction de modèle. De m{\^e}me, on montre que les grands
déplacements d'un cylindre en milieu confiné dans un faisceau de tubes sont fidèlement reconstruits. Enfin,
l'extension de l'utilisation de la réduction de modèle aux études d'évolution paramétrique a été testée. Nous
avons d'abord utilisé la technique considérant une base POD unique pour reproduire des écoulements à divers
nombres de Reynolds autour d'un cylindre seul. Les résultats confirment la prédictivité bornée à une gamme de
paramètres de cette méthode. Enfin, l'interpolation de bases POD pré-calculées pour une famille de paramètres
donnés, utilisant les variétés de Grassmann et permettant de générer de nouvelles bases POD, a été testée avec
succès sur l'équation de Burgers.},
	author = {Marie Pomarède}
}

@phdthesis{metahni:tel-00833993,
  TITLE = {{Déposition et réenvol de spores fongiques : contribution à la compréhension du risque nosocomial aérotransmis}},
  AUTHOR = {Metahni, Amine},
  URL = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833993},
  NUMBER = {2012ENSL0795},
  SCHOOL = {{Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON}},
  YEAR = {2012},
  MONTH = Dec,
  KEYWORDS = {CFD ; Removal ; Reentrainment ; Deposition ; Fungal ; Airborne ; Aerocontamination ; Aéroportée ; Spores ; Fongique ; Réenvol ; Simulation ; Numérique ; Nosocomial},
  TYPE = {Theses},
  PDF = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833993/file/METAHNI_Amine_2012_These_VC.pdf},
  HAL_ID = {tel-00833993},
  HAL_VERSION = {v1},
  abstract = {Les spores fongiques sont à l'origine d'infections nosocomiales affectant le pronostic vital de patients immunodéprimés, et peuvent se transmettre par l'air. C'est pourquoi nous nous sommes intéressé à la déposition et au réenvol de spores d'"Aspergillus", responsables de pathologies gravissimes comme l'aspergillose pulmonaire invasive. Nous avons lors de nos expérimentations utilisé deux méthodes d'aérosolisation : le nébuliseur Collison standard, nécessitant la mise en solution des spores, ainsi qu'un prototype permettant de souffler directement sur les cultures fongiques Ceci nous a permis de mesurer la vitesse de sédimentation des spores, et d'évaluer l'efficacité et la rémanence de traitements fongicides en utilisant un protocole original mettant en œuvre des conditions réalistes.Un dispositif expérimental a été mis au point afin de soumettre des spores déposées sur une surface à un flux d'air tangentiel, et de filmer leur réenvol ( http://tinyurl.com/bla9ynz ), et un critère prédictif théorique de détachement a été exhibé. Des simulations numériques de l'écoulement autour de sphères idéales ont complété cette étude en nous donnant accès à des paramètres critiques inaccessibles expérimentalement.Nous avons finalement appliqué les résultats de nos investigations à la problématique des infections nosocomiales aérotransmises, et découvert que les ventilateurs de refroidissement d'appareils électroniques sont un réservoir de pathogènes et une source de contamination croisée potentielle. Des expériences en milieu contrôlé associées à une campagne de prélèvements en milieu hospitalier ont mis à jour ce nouveau et important risque de contamination.},
}

@phdthesis {119,
	title = {Modélisation des écoulements turbulents en convection mixte et naturelle},
	volume = {PhD Thesis},
        school = {Université de Poitiers},
	year = {2012},
	month = Oct,
        pdf = {http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2276/document},
	author = {Frédéric Dehoux}
}

@phdthesis{delaagedemeux:tel-00743542,
  TITLE = {{Modélisation des écoulements turbulents en rotation et en présence de transferts thermiques par approche hybride RANS/LES zonale}},
  AUTHOR = {De Laage De Meux, Benoît},
  URL = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743542},
  NUMBER = {2012ESMA0008},
  SCHOOL = {{ISAE-ENSMA Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et d'Aérotechique - Poitiers}},
  YEAR = {2012},
  MONTH = May,
  KEYWORDS = {forced convection ; anisotropic linear forcing ; synthetic eddy method ; rotating flows ; zonal RANS/LES coupling ; turbulence modelling ; Turbulence ; Modèles mathématiques ; Thermocinétique ; Fluides Mécanique des},
  TYPE = {Theses},
  PDF = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743542/file/these_de_Laage.pdf},
  HAL_ID = {tel-00743542},
  HAL_VERSION = {v1},
  abstract = {The numerical simulation of turbulent flows in cooling system of hydraulic pumps sealing requires considering large computational domains and long integration times. The zonal hybrid RANS/LES modelling of turbulence could deal with such applications, in order to reproduce the whole thermal and dynamical phenomena of the flow, with a computational cost compatible with industrial studies. This approach aims at properly interfacing a Large Eddy Simulation (LES), which provides an accurate unsteady description of turbulence in some critical regions of the flow, with the statistical RANS approach, less demanding in computational resources, applied in the whole remaining fluid domain in order to take into account the imposed global variations of the flow (cool water injection in hot water, shaft and rotor rotation, ...). To this end, a detailed study of turbulence models appropriate for rotating flows is presented, following both the RANS and the LES approaches. Numerous turbulence models are compared in the rotating channel flow test case. The zonal coupling at boundary faces using the Synthetic Eddy Method (SEM) is studied and an innovative volumic coupling using a source term on overlapping RANS/LES area, the Anisotropic Linear Forcing, is proposed. For the first time, these two coupling methods are extended to heat transfer. The present zonal hybrid RANS/LES computations of static or rotating channel flows in isothermal or forced convection regimes, show the applicability of such modelling for industrial studies.},
}

@phdthesis {360,
	title = {Modélisation stochastique du dépôt de particules colloïdales sur des parois rugueuses dans un écoulement turbulent},
	year = {2012},
	school = {Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris ; 1971-2017)},
	pages = {1 vol. (198 p.)},
	type = {phd},
	url = {http://www.sudoc.fr/168853647},
	author = {Henry, Christophe},
	abstract = {The aim of this PhD work is to develop physical models aiming at simulating particulate fouling (i. E. The accumulation of inorganic colloidal particles on surfaces) in turbulent flows in the framework of stochastic Lagrangian methods. In the first part, a new model for the calculation of particle-surface interactions including the effects of surface roughness is presented. This model is first validated on simple test-cases and the influence of surface roughness on the overall interaction is analysed. This model is then coupled with a model for particle transport in a turbulent flow. Numerical results obtained for particle deposition are found to be in line with measurements. The second part of this work is devoted to the extension of the particle-surface interaction model for the calculation of adhesion forces, accounting for both surface roughness and electrostatic forces. Numerical predictions are in good agreement with experimental data on adhesion forces. Furthermore, this model is coupled with a model for particle resuspension and numerical results obtained are shown to compare well with some available experiments. In the third part of this work, the particle deposition model is extended to simulate the accumulation of particles on a surface through the introduction of particle-particle interactions in the particle-surface interaction. Numerical results are in qualitative agreement with available experimental data, and highlight the ability of the model to reproduce a complete blockage. This study underlines the necessity to account for the coupling between particle-fluid, particle-surface and particle-particle interactions to simulate particulate fouling.},
}

@article {292,
	title = {Numerical study of the thermal effects of buildings on low-speed airflow taking into account 3D atmospheric radiation in urban canopy},
	journal = {Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics},
	volume = {104-106},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {473-483},
	abstract = {A three-dimensional atmospheric radiative model which evaluates the thermal-radiative transfers in the lower atmosphere was implemented in the atmospheric module of a Computational Fluid Dynamics code. This model can study the thermal effects of buildings on the local atmospheric flow with a coupled dynamic-radiative model. Previously, we have validated this approach and discussed the impact of the convective flux on the surface temperatures by comparing a detailed wind and temperature field with the Mock Urban Setting Test (MUST) experiment dataset. In this paper our objective is to demonstrate the ability of our radiative model to simulate the thermal effect of buildings on the local atmospheric flow under low wind speed condition. Therefore, we present different numerical simulations for low wind speed and higher building density than in MUST, comparing the neutral case with different levels of thermal exchange model and analyzing the differences. The results show first that taking into account the thermal stratification has a significant influence on the wind field. Then we show that the difference between the case for which we impose the temperatures and the case with temperatures calculated with a 3D radiative transfer scheme can also be important near the buildings. In addition, with the 3D radiative model, the temperature and vertical motion show an important sensitivity to changes in the physical parameters of the wall surfaces, such as the surface albedo.},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167610512000657},
	author = {Yongfeng Qu and Maya Millez and Luc Musson-Genon and Bertrand Carissimo}
}

@article {245,
	title = {A relaxation scheme for the hybrid modelling of gas-particle flows},
	journal = {Computers and Fluids},
	volume = {70},
	year = {2012},
	chapter = {148-165},
	author = {Katarina Dorogan and Mathieu Guingo and Jean-Marc Hérard and Jean-Pierre Minier}
}

@phdthesis{dorogan:tel-00820978,
  TITLE = {{Numerical schemes for the hybrid modeling of gas-particle turbulent flows}},
  AUTHOR = {Dorogan, Kateryna},
  URL = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00820978},
  SCHOOL = {{Aix-Marseille Université ; EDF R\&D}},
  YEAR = {2012},
  MONTH = May,
  KEYWORDS = {turbulent two-phase flows ; hybrid methods ; relaxation techniques ; hyperbolic systems ; Finite Volume methods ; Monte-Carlo methods ; m{\'e}thodes Monte-Carlo ; {\'e}coulements diphasiques turbulents ; m{\'e}thodes hybrides ; techniques de relaxation ; syst{\`e}mes hyperboliques ; m{\'e}thodes Volumes Finis},
  TYPE = {Theses},
  PDF = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00820978/file/DOROGAN.pdf},
  HAL_ID = {tel-00820978},
  HAL_VERSION = {v1},
  abstract = {Les méthodes hybrides Moments/PDF sont bien adaptées pour la description des écoulements diphasiques turbulents, polydispersés, hors équilibre thermodynamique. Ces méthodes permettent d'avoir une description assez fine de la polydispersion, de la convection et des termes sourcesnon-linéaires. Cependant, les approximations issues de telles simulations sont bruitées ce qui, dans certaines situations, occasionne un biais. L'approche alternative étudiée dans ce travail consiste à coupler une description Eulerienne des moments avec une description stochastique Lagrangienne à l'intérieur de la phase dispersée, permettant de réduire l'erreur statistique et d'éliminer le biais. La mise en oeuvre de cette méthode nécessite le développement de schémas numériques robustes. Les approches proposées sont basées sur l'utilisation simultanée des techniques de relaxation et dedécentrement, et permettent d'obtenir des approximations stables des solutions instationnaires du système d'équations aux dérivées partielles, avec des données peu régulières provenant du couplage avec le modèle stochastique. Une comparaison des résultats de la méthode hybrideMoments-Moments/PDF avec ceux issus de la méthode hybride ''classique'' est présentée en termes d'analyse des erreurs numériques sur un cas de jet co-courant gaz-particules.},
}

@article {293,
	title = {Thermal-hydraulic study of a wire spacer fuel assembly},
	journal = {Nuclear Engineering and Design},
	volume = {243},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {251-262},
	abstract = {The paper presents refined three-dimensional simulations of the flow and heat transfer in fuel assemblies as found or suggested for liquid metal coolant fast reactors. The wire spacers, helically wound along the pin axis, generate a strong secondary flow pattern in opposition to smooth pins. The eddy viscosity and second moment turbulence models yield to very similar predictions of global friction and heat transfer coefficients and within the range of available experimental correlations. The four configurations simulated range from a small test rig to the full scale reactor bundle (7, 19, 61 and 271 pins) in order to separate (a) global swirl boundary effects, where helical wires leaning against the casing deflect the flow in unison, from (b) homogeneous flow patterns in the core, where wire helices counteract each other. The 61 and 271 pins simulations show a clear decoupling of (a) and (b). The effect of the variation of the helix pass has also been investigated for the 7 pin geometry. Finally, the paper considers the variation of the results as function of the meshing and in particular with the level of detail used for the pin-wire connection.},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0029549311009940},
	author = {Stefano Rolfo and Christophe Péniguel and Matthieu Gillaud and Dominique Laurence}
}

@article {21371304,
	title = {Accumulation and transport of microbial-size particles in a pressure protected model burn unit: CFD simulations and experimental evidence},
	journal = {BMC Infectious Diseases},
	volume = {11},
	number = {1},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {58},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND:Controlling airborne contamination is of major importance in burn units because of the high susceptibility of burned patients to infections and the unique environmental conditions that can accentuate the infection risk. In particular the required elevated temperatures in the patient room can create thermal convection flows which can transport airborne contaminates throughout the unit. In order to estimate this risk and optimize the design of an intensive care room intended to host severely burned patients, we have relied on a computational fluid dynamic methodology (CFD).METHODS:The study was carried out in 4 steps: i) patient room design, ii) CFD simulations of patient room design to model air flows throughout the patient room, adjacent anterooms and the corridor, iii) construction of a prototype room and subsequent experimental studies to characterize its performance iv) qualitative comparison of the tendencies between CFD prediction and experimental results. The Electricite De France (EDF) open-source software Code\_Saturne(R) (http://code-saturne.org webcite) was used and CFD simulations were conducted with an hexahedral mesh containing about 300 000 computational cells. The computational domain included the treatment room and two anterooms including equipment, staff and patient. Experiments with inert aerosol particles followed by time-resolved particle counting were conducted in the prototype room for comparison with the CFD observations.RESULTS:We found that thermal convection can create contaminated zones near the ceiling of the room, which can subsequently lead to contaminate transfer in adjacent rooms. Experimental confirmation of these phenomena agreed well with CFD predictions and showed that particles greater than one micron (i.e. bacterial or fungal spore sizes) can be influenced by these thermally induced flows. When the temperature difference between rooms was 7degreesC, a significant contamination transfer was observed to enter into the positive pressure room when the access door was opened, while 2degreesC had little effect. Based on these findings the constructed burn unit was outfitted with supplemental air exhaust ducts over the doors to compensate for the thermal convective flows.CONCLUSIONS:CFD simulations proved to be a particularly useful tool for the design and optimization of a burn unit treatment room. Our results, which have been confirmed qualitatively by experimental investigation, stressed that airborne transfer of microbial size particles via thermal convection flows are able to bypass the protective overpressure in the patient room, which can represent a potential risk of cross contamination between rooms in protected environments.},
	issn = {1471-2334},
	doi = {10.1186/1471-2334-11-58},
	url = {http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/11/58},
	author = {Beauchene, Christian and Laudinet, Nicolas and Choukri, Firas and Rousset, Jean-Luc and Sofiane Benhamadouche and Larbre, Juliette and Chaouat, Marc and Benbunan, Marc and Mimoun, Maurice and Lajonchere, Jean-Patrick and Bergeron, Vance and Derouin, Francis}
}

@inproceedings {383,
	title = {An Automatic Joining Mesh Approach for Computational Fluid Dynamics to Reach a Billion Cell Simulations},
	booktitle = {Second International Conference on Parallel, Distributed, Grid and Cloud Computing for Engineering},
	year = {2011},
	publisher = {Civil-Comp Press, Stirlingshire, UK},
	organization = {Civil-Comp Press, Stirlingshire, UK},
	address = {Pécs, Hungary},
	doi = {doi:10.4203/ccp.95.63},
	author = {Fournier, Yvan and Bonelle, Jérôme and Vezolle, Pascal and Moulinec, Charles and Sunderland, Andrew G.},
	editor = {P. Iv{\'a}nyi and B. Topping}
}

@phdthesis{sapa:tel-00605172,
  TITLE = {{Contribution {\`a} l'extension d'un sch{\'e}ma incompressible pour les flammes {\`a} bas nombre de Froude - Pr{\'e}-requis {\`a} la mod{\'e}lisation de l'incendie}},
  AUTHOR = {Sapa, Bertrand},
  URL = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00605172},
  SCHOOL = {{ISAE-ENSMA Ecole Nationale Sup{\'e}rieure de M{\'e}canique et d'A{\'e}rotechique - Poitiers}},
  YEAR = {2011},
  MONTH = Apr,
  KEYWORDS = {Mathematical models ; Fluid dynamics ; Unsteady flow (Fluid dynamics) ; Combustion ; Radiation ; Soot ; Rayonnements ; Suie ; Mod{\`e}les math{\'e}matiques ; Fluides ; Dynamique des ; Ecoulement instationnaire (dynamique des fluides)},
  TYPE = {Theses},
  PDF = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00605172/file/Manuscrit_SAPA.pdf},
  HAL_ID = {tel-00605172},
  HAL_VERSION = {v1},
  abstract = {Une première approche de la simulation des incendies est menée à l'aide du code CFD
d'EDF R\&D Code\_Saturne. Une extension de son schéma incompressible et une adapta-
tion des conditions limites libres sont développées afin de traiter des flammes à bas nombre
de Froude instationnaires et dominées par la convection naturelle grâce à une modélisation
URANS. La turbulence est traitée à l'aide d'un modèle k -eps tenant compte de la gravité.
La combustion est traitée à l'aide d'une réaction globale infiniment rapide et l'interaction
avec la turbulence par une approche statistique présumant une fonction densité de proba-
bilité. L'équation des transferts radiatifs est résolue à l'aide de la méthode des ordonnées
discrètes. Les propriétés radiatives du milieu sont estimées à l'aide d'un modèle à larges
bandes. Le modèle semi-empirique utilisé pour les suies tient compte des processus de nu-
cléation, croissance, agglomération et oxydation. Le modèle est appliqué à des panaches
thermiques et d'hélium, configurations proches des feux. Le gain minime apporté par les
fermetures testées sur le modèle de turbulence suggère que le calcul des flux turbulents
scalaires est plus important. En revanche, le gain lié au schéma faiblement compressible
est considérable. Le modèle est ensuite appliqué à deux types de feu. Sur le feu de nappe,
un maillage fin est nécessaire pour pallier un défaut de turbulence et obtenir une bonne
prédiction sur les grandeurs caractéristiques. Cette conclusion est modérée par les résultats
obtenus sur le feu de compartiment pour lequel les prédictions sont raisonnables malgré
les maillages grossiers utilisés, le rayonnement des fumées et des parois ayant une forte
influence.},
}

@phdthesis {182,
	title = {Development of a robust elliptic-blending turbulence model for near-wall, separated and buoyant flows},
	volume = {Doctor of Philosophy},
	year = {2011},
	school = {Engineering and Physical Sciences},
	address = {Manchester},
	abstract = {The thesis introduces a new version of an elliptic-blending low-Reynolds-number eddy-viscosity Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes model. It is a model intended to be implemented in an industrial solver. It will be argued that there is still room for such a simple model, though eddy-viscosity models must rely on developments specifically made for higher order formulations. It is the aim of the V2F model to integrate elements of Reynolds-stress modelling developments into a simpler formulation, but the former paradoxically suffers from numerical stiffness, which kept it out of reach of industry researchers everyday simulations. The V2F formulation endeavours to reproduce the near-wall asymptotic behaviour of the turbulent quantities, as sounder alternative to empirical damping functions, and the required near-wall balance of small terms represents a numerical challenge.

The present work first provides a comprehensive review of V2F developments proposed over the past twenty years, and the different remedies for the numerical stiffness linked to the original formulation. The review focuses on ten V2F variants, proposed between 1991 and 2006, whose behaviour is compared in some fundamental flows: the channel flow for five different Reynolds numbers, the asymptotic case of the logarithmic layer at infinite Reynolds number and the case of a flow with homogeneous sheared turbulence.

Based on the conclusions of the review, the thesis proposes new developments. Firstly, the derivation of a new model, namely the PHI-ALPHA model, is introduced. It relies on the resolution of two non-dimensional variables: PHI represents the wall-normal anisotropy and α is a wall-proximity sensor. It is argued that only this formulation can address the numerical problems already mentioned without altering the predic- tions. Secondly, additional upgrades of the PHI-ALPHA model are proposed to correct the dissipation rate equation. The aim is to improve the model behaviour in some specific regions of a boundary layer, by isolating some viscous terms and by improving the representation of turbulent transport at the edge of a boundary layer. Final developments are combined in a new model, the BLV2F model.

The PHI-ALPHA and BLV2F models are then validated for a set of two pressure induced separated flows and two buoyant flows, and beneficial effects of the proposed developments on the predictions are demonstrated. The numerical properties of the convergence of the BLV2K model are also reported at the end of this work.},
	keywords = {buoyancy, elliptic blending, near-wall effects, RANS turbulence model, separated flow},
	url = {http://cfd.mace.manchester.ac.uk/twiki/bin/view/CfdTm/ResPub281},
	author = {Billard Flavien}
}

@article {291,
	title = {Large Eddy Simulation and the effect of the turbulent inlet conditions in the mixing Tee},
	journal = {Nuclear Engineering and Design},
	volume = {241},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {2178-2183},
	abstract = {Thermal fatigue in Pressurized Water Reactor plants has been found to be very acute in some hot/cold Tee junction mixing zones. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) can be used to capture the unsteadiness which is responsible for the large mechanical stresses associated with thermal fatigue. Here one LES subgrid model is studied, namely the Dynamic Smagorinsky model. This paper has two goals. The first is to demonstrate some results obtained using the EDF R\&D Code Saturne applied to the Vattenfall Tee junction benchmark (version 2006) and the second is to look at the effect of including synthetic turbulence at the Tee junction pipe inlets. The last goal is the main topic of this paper. The Synthetic Eddy Method is used to create the turbulent inlet conditions and is applied to two kinds of grids. One contains six million cells and the other ten million. The addition of turbulence at the inlet does not seem to have much effect on the bulk flow and all computations are in good agreement with the experimental data. However, the inlet turbulence does have an effect on the near wall flow. All cases show that the wall temperature fluctuation and the wall temperature/velocity correlation are not the same when a turbulent inlet condition is used. Inclusion of the turbulent inlet condition moves the downstream location of the maximum temperature/velocity correlation by 1 cm and reduces its magnitude by 10\%. This result is very important because the temperature/velocity correlation is closely related to the turbulent heat transfer in the flow, which is in turn responsible for the mechanical stresses on the structure. Finally we have studied in detail the influence of the turbulent inlet condition just downstream of the mixing zone. We show the influence of including turbulent inlet condition on the structure of the flow Walker et al. (2009).},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0029549311001907},
	author = {Jean-Marc Ndombo and Richard J.A. Howard}
}

@article {108,
	title = {Large eddy simulation of the flow around single and two side-by-side cylinders at subcritical Reynolds numbers},
	journal = {Phys. Fluids},
	volume = {23},
	year = {2011},
	publisher = {American Institute of Physics},
	abstract = {The flow around single and two side-by-side infinite cylinders is numerically modelled using dynamic Smagorinsky large eddy simulation (LES). For the single cylinder, the Reynolds number based on the diameter and the free stream velocity is 3900. A complete sensitivity study was conducted based on the extrusion length in the span-wise direction, the grid refinement at the wall, the convection scheme, and the sub-grid scale (SGS) model. It was found that the mean solution is not influenced by the extrusion length beyond 4 diameters or by 1\% up-winding. However, coarsening the mesh in the wall normal direction or switching off the sub-grid scale model led to drastic effects on the recirculation length and on the underlying velocity field. The two side-by-side cylinders were tested for a range of pitch to diameter ratios (T/D = 1.0,1.25 <= T/D <= 5.0) at a Reynolds number of 3000. For the intermediate pitch to diameter ratios (1.25 <= T/D <= 1.75), multiple shedding frequencies were detected with a biased wake flow deflection. Furthermore, this biased flow deflection was found to be bistable, i.e., it changes the direction (flipping over) intermittently from one side to the other. This behavior was found to be consistent with reported experimental measurements. During the flip-over from one stable mode to the other, the intermittent gap vortex shedding was found to be stronger than for a stable mode, with in-phase vortex shedding. However, for the higher pitch ratio cases (T/D >= 2), a symmetrical wake behavior with anti-phase vortex shedding was observed.},
	keywords = {convection, external flows, flow instability, flow simulation, numerical analysis, turbulence, vortices, wakes},
	issn = {1070-6631},
	doi = {http://link.aip.org/link/doi/10.1063/1.3596267},
	url = {http://pof.aip.org/resource/1/phfle6/v23/i7/p075101_s1?isAuthorized=no},
	author = {I. Afgan and Y. Kahil and S. Benhamadouche and P. Sagaut}
}

@phdthesis {75,
	title = {Modèles LES Invariants par Groupes de Symétries en Écoulements Turbulents Anisothermes},
	volume = {PhD Thetis, Université de La Rochelle},
	year = {2011},
	school = {Université de la Rochelle},
	address = {La rochelle},
	abstract = {Comme le groupe de symétries de Lie des équations aux dérivées partielles représentent les propriétés physiques intrinsèques contenues dans les équations, il offre un outil efficace pour étudier et modéliser les phénomènes physiques. Ainsi, dans cette thèse, on se propose d'appliquer la théorie du groupe de symétries de Lie à la modélisation des écoulements anisothermes.On calcule alors des lois de paroi, et, plus généralement des lois d'échelle, pour la vitesse et la température dans le cas d'un écoulement parallèle. En fait, ces lois d'échelle se révèlent {\^e}tre simplement des solutions auto-similaires des équations de Navier-Stokes moyennées par rapport aux symétries des équations.Ensuite, par l'approche de la théorie des groupes de Lie, on construit une classe de modèles de sous-maille qui sont invariants par les symétries des équations de Navier-Stokes anisothermes.Ces modèles ont l'avantage de respecter les propriétés physiques des équations qui sont contenues dans les symétries. De plus, par cette approche, le modèle de flux de chaleur apparaît naturellement,sans qu'on ait besoin de faire appel à la notion de nombre de Prandtl de sous-maille,ce qui augmente la portée de ces modèles par rapport à la plupart des modèles existants. Par ailleurs, le comportement proche de la paroi de certains des modèles proposés est étudié. Enfin,des tests numériques en convection naturelle et en convection mixtes sont effectués.},
	keywords = {convection thermique, groupe de symétrie de lie, modèle invariant, simulation des grandes échelles LES, turbulence},
	author = {Nazir Al-Sayed}
}

@phdthesis {74,
	title = {Modélisation tri-dimensionnelle des échanges radiatifs et convectifs dans l'atmosphère urbaine},
	volume = {PhD Thesis, Université Paris-Est},
	year = {2011},
	school = {Université Paris-Est},
	address = {Marne la vallée},
	abstract = {Dans de nombreuses études micrométéorologiques, les modèles numériques prenant en compte les bâtiments considèrent généralement l'atmosphère comme neutre. Néanmoins, les transferts radiatifs urbains jouent un rôle important en raison de leur influence sur le bilan énergétique. Afin de prendre en compte le rayonnement atmosphérique et les effets thermiques des bâtiments dans les simulations de l'écoulement atmosphérique et la dispersion des polluants en milieux urbains, nous avons développé un modèle de rayonnement atmosphérique tridimensionnel (3D), dans le module atmosphérique du code de mécanique des fluides Code\_Saturne. Le schéma radiatif a été précédemment validé avec des cas idéalisés, en utilisant dans un premier temps, un champ constant de vent 3D. Dans ce travail, le couplage des schémas radiatifs et thermiques avec le modèle dynamique est évalué. L'objectif de la première partie est de valider le couplage complet avec les mesures de la campagne de mesure américaine 'Mock Urban Setting Test' (MUST) sur des géométries simples. La deuxième partie traite deux approches différentes pour modéliser les échanges radiatifs en milieu urbain avec une comparaison entre Code\_Saturne et SOLENE. La troisième partie utilise le couplage complet pour montrer l'apport du modèle de transfert radiatif sur l'écoulement de l'air dans des conditions de faible vitesse du vent dans une canopée 3D. Dans la dernière partie, nous utilisons le couplage dynamique-radiatif pour simuler un environnement urbain réel et valider le modèle avec les données expérimentales de la campagne 'Canopy and Aerosol Particle Interactions in Toulouse Urban Layer' (CAPITOUL)},
	keywords = {bilan énergétique (géophysique), budget énergétique urbaine, CFD, fluides, mécanique des fluides, micrométéorologie, modélisation du rayonnement 3D, Physique urbaine, rayonnement atmosphérique, température de surface, transfert radiatif},
	url = {http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/index.php?halsid=96kejgls4lh114cd53ili2u2j6\&view_this_doc=pastel-00666690\&version=1},
	author = {Yongfeng Qu}
}

@article {290,
	title = {Optimizing Code\_Saturne computations on Petascale systems},
	journal = {Computers \& Fluids},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {103-108},
	abstract = {This paper describes recent developments made to the open source general purpose CFD code Code\_Saturne that attempt to address challenges associated with computing at the Petascale. These new features include parallel improved linear solver techniques, parallel I/O methodologies and partitioning tools. The impact of these new features on parallel performance has been analysed for a range of prototype Petascale computing systems as part of the PRACE pan-European initiative.},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045793011000351},
	author = {Y. Fournier and J. Bonelle and C. Moulinec and Z. Shang and A.G. Sunderland and J.C. Uribe}
}

@PHDTHESIS{kahil2011,
url = "http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066631",
title = "Simulation des grandes échelles d'écoulements turbulents autour de cylindres circulaires à un nombre de Reynolds sous critique",
author = "Kahil, Yacine",
year = "2011",
school = "Paris 6",
pages = "1 vol. (153 p.)",
note = "Thèse de doctorat dirigée par Sagaut, Pierre Mécanique Paris 6 2011 (2011PA066631)",
}

@inproceedings {367,
	title = {Accelerating Computational Fluid Dynamics on the IBM Blue Gene/P Supercomputer},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2010 22Nd International Symposium on Computer Architecture and High Performance Computing},
	year = {2010},
	publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
	organization = {IEEE Computer Society},
	address = {Washington, DC, USA},
	isbn = {978-0-7695-4216-4},
	doi = {10.1109/SBAC-PAD.2010.27},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/SBAC-PAD.2010.27},
	author = {Vezolle, Pascal and Heyman, Jerry and D'Amora, Bruce and Braudaway, Gordon and Magerlein, Karen and Magerlein, John and Fournier, Yvan}
}

@article {250,
	title = {Coupling CFD with chemical reactor network for advanced NOx prediction in gas turbine},
	journal = {Clean Techn Environ Policy},
	year = {2010},
	edition = {Springer-Verlag},
	doi = {10.1007/s10098-010-0293-5},
	author = {Mohamed Kanniche}
}

@phdthesis {79,
	title = {LES and Hybrid RANS/LES turbulence modelling in unstructured finite volume code and applications to nuclear reactor fuel bundle},
	volume = {PhD Thesis,The University of Manchester},
	year = {2010},
	month = {10/2010},
	school = {The University of Manchester},
	type = {traditional},
	abstract = {Rod bundle is a typical constitutive element of a very wide range of nuclear reactor designs. This thesis describes the investigation of such geometry with wall-resolved Large Eddy Simulation (LES). In order to alleviate the mesh constraint, imposed by the near wall resolution, the usage of embedded refinements and polyhedral meshes is analysed firstly with a inviscid laminar case (Taylor Green vortices) and secondly with a fully turbulent case (channel flow only with embedded refinement). The inviscid test case shows that the addition of embedded refinements decreases the conservation properties of the code. Indeed the accuracy decreases from second order in a structured conformal mesh, to something in between first and second order depending on the quality of the unstructured mesh. Better results are obtained when the interface between refined and coarse areas presents a more regular and structured pattern, reducing the generation of skewed and stretched cells. The channel flow simulation shows that the Reynolds stresses, of some embedded refined meshes, are affected by spurious oscillations. Surprisingly this effect is present in the unstructured meshes with the best orthogonal properties. Indeed analysis of Reynolds stress budgets shows that terms, where the gradient in the wall normal direction is dominant, have a largely oscillatory behaviour. The cause of the problem is attributed to the convective term and in particular in the method used for the gradient reconstruction. As a consequence of these contradictory signs between the inviscid and the fully turbulent cases, the rod bundle test case is analysed using a conventional body fitted multiblock mesh. Two different Reynolds numbers are investigated reporting Reynolds stresses and budgets. The flow is characterised by an energetic and almost periodic azimuthal flow pulsation in the gap region between adjacent sub-channels, which makes turbulent quantities largely different from those in plane channel and pipes and enhances mixing. Experiments found that a constant Strouhal number, with the variation of the Reynolds number, characterises the phenomenon. The frequency analysis finds that present simulations are distinguished by three dominant frequencies, the first in agreement with the experimental value and two higher ones, which might be due to the correlation of the azimuthal velocity in the streamwise direction. Several passive temperature fields are added at the simulations in order to study the effects of the variation of the Prandtl number and the change in boundary conditions (Neumann and Dirichlet). A simplified case where an imbalance of the scalar between adjacent sub-channels is also investigated in order to evaluate the variation of the heat fluxes with respect to the homogeneous case. An alternative solution, to reduce the mesh constraint imposed by the wall, is to hybridize LES with RANS. The main achievement of this work is to integrate the heat transfer modelling to the already existing model for the dynamic part. Further investigations of the blending function, used to merge the two velocity fields, are carried out in conjunction with a study of the model dependency on the mesh resolution. The validation is performed on a fully developed channel flow at different Reynolds numbers and with constant wall heat flux. On coarse meshes the model shows an improvement of the results for both thermal and hydraulic parts with respect to a standard LES. On refined meshes, suitable for wall-resolved LES, the model suffers from a problem of double counting of modelled Reynolds stresses and heat fluxes because the RANS contribution does not naturally disappear as the mesh resolution increases.},
	keywords = {Fuel rod bundle, hybrid RANS/LES, LES, nuclear engineering},
	url = {https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/uk-ac-man-scw:93444},
	author = {Stefano Rolfo}
}

@article {Monfort2010881,
	title = {Meshless approach for wall treatment in Large-Eddy Simulation},
	journal = {Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering},
	volume = {199},
	number = {13{\textendash}16},
	year = {2010},
	note = {<ce:title>Turbulence Modeling for Large Eddy Simulations</ce:title>},
	pages = {881 - 889},
	abstract = {An extended meshless approach for wall-modelling in Large-Eddy Simulation of incompressible flows that may take into account several terms of Navier{\textendash}Stokes equations (the pressure gradient, the unsteady term, buoyancy effects,\&$\#$xa0;{\textellipsis}) is presented. The method is based on an analytical integration of the momentum equations along the normal direction to the wall. After a detailed description of the algorithm, the present approach is applied to a two-dimensional periodic hill flow at a bulk Reynolds number of 7100. It is shown that taking into account the instantaneous pressure gradient has no effect on the mean values of the velocity. However, a substantial improvement is obtained concerning the rms values.},
	keywords = {Meshless},
	issn = {0045-7825},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cma.2009.04.013},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045782509001510},
	author = {D. Monfort and S. Benhamadouche and P. Sagaut}
}

@phdthesis {78,
	title = {Modélisation du brouillard durant la campagne ParisFog : approche prédictive et étude de l'effet des hétérogénéités spatiales},
	volume = {PhD Thesis, Ecole Nationale des ponts et Chaussées},
	year = {2010},
	school = {Ecole Nationale des ponts et Chaussées},
	abstract = {Dans le domaine de la modélisation du brouillard ou des nuages bas, la compréhension précise des interactions complexes entre la turbulence, la microphysique, et le rayonnement reste un enjeu majeur pour améliorer la prévision numérique. Si l'amélioration de la modélisation du brouillard est un enjeu important pour la prévision dans le domaine du transport, elle l'est aussi dans le domaine industriel en raison de ses rejets atmosphériques (aéroréfrigérants industriels, brouillards pollués . . . ). La version 1D de Code\_Saturne a été utilisée pour la simulation du brouillard sur les données de la campagne ParisFog réalisée sur le site du SIRTA pendant l'hiver 2006-2007. La simulation des cas observés a permis de montrer que le modèle était capable de reproduire correctement les principaux processus mis en jeu dans le brouillard depuis sa formation jusqu'à sa dissipation. Une étude de sensibilité aux différentes paramétrisations physiques choisies a montré que la dynamique du brouillard est particulièrement sensible à la fermeture turbulente, la teneur en eau à la sédimentation, et le spectre des gouttes au schéma de nucléation. La mise en oeuvre de Code\_Saturne 1D sur une longue période en mode prédictif a montré la robustesse de nos choix et l'apport du couplage par nudging avec un modèle de méso-échelle à 36 heures d'échéance. La version 3D de Code\_Saturne nous a permis d'étudier l'effet des hétérogénéités spatiales du site SIRTA sur la formation du brouillard. Dans un premier temps, les calculs ont été effectués sur le site considéré comme homogène horizontalement, sans la prise en compte des hétérogénéités. Il s'agissait ici de comparer la version 3D de Code\_Saturne en mode RANS avec l'ensemble des paramétrisations physiques concernant le brouillard avec la version 1D. Ensuite, les effets de la prise en compte de la rugosité, des zones boisées et des bâtiments ont été étudiés.},
	url = {http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00555078/},
	author = {Xiaojing Zhang}
}

@article {249,
	title = {A reactor network model for predicting NOx emissions in gas turbines},
	journal = {Fuel },
	volume = {89},
	year = {2010},
	chapter = {2202-2210},
	doi = {10.1016/j.fuel.2010.02.010},
	author = {Vincent Fichet and Mohamed Kanniche and Olivier Gicquel and Pierre Plion},
}

@article {247,
	title = {Comparative study of pressure-correction and hyperbolic algorithms on unsteady compressible cases},
	journal = {Computers and Fluids},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2009},
	chapter = {1495-1509},
	author = {Archambeau, Frédéric and Jean-Marc Hérard and Jérôme Lavieville},
}

@inproceedings {366,
	title = {Improvements of a Finite Volume Based Multigrid Method Applied to Elliptic Problems},
	booktitle = {International Conference on Mathematics, Computational Methods and Reactor Physics (M\&C'09)},
	year = {2009},
	month = {05/2009},
	publisher = {American Nuclear Society - ANS},
	organization = {American Nuclear Society - ANS},
	address = {Saratoga Springs},
	isbn = {20978-0-89448-069-0},
	author = {Namane Méchitoua and Yvan Fournier and Frank Hülsemann},
}

@phdthesis {81,
	title = {Méthodes de pénalisation locale pour la simulation de l'interaction d'écoulements instationnaires avec des structures solides fixes ou mobiles},
	volume = {PhD Thesis, Université de Bordeaux},
	year = {2009},
	school = {Université de Bordeaux},
	address = {Bordeaux},
	abstract = {La simulation de cas réalistes d'écoulements ou de transferts thermiques implique souvent l'utilisation d'obstacles ou d'interfaces de forme complexe. De part leur manque de flexibilité, les maillages structurés ne sont pas initialement adaptés au traitement d'interfaces irrégulières, ces dernières co{\"\i}ncidant rarement avec les lignes du maillage. Afin de permettre à l'approche structurée de traiter des interfaces complexes avec précision, des méthodes dites de domaines fictifs sont nécessaires. La première contribution de cette thèse est une nouvelle méthode de travail sur maillage curviligne structuré qui permet de réutiliser de nombreuses méthodes fonctionnant initialement sur des maillages cartésiens sur maillages curvilignes. Nous avons ensuite mis au point deux nouvelles méthodes de domaines fictifs : la méthode de pénalisation de sous-maille (PSM) pour la gestion des frontières immergées pour les équations elliptiques et de Navier-Stokes et la méthode d'interface immergée algébrique (IIA) pour les problèmes d'interfaces immergées pour les équations elliptiques. L'un des intér{\^e}ts de ces deux méthodes à l'ordre deux en espace est leur simplicité. Ces différents développements ont finalement été appliqués à des cas de couplage fluide-structure académiques et réalistes (sédimentation d'un cylindre, hydroplanage d'un pneu, écoulements dans une t{\^e}te de forage et convection naturelle dans la grotte de Lascaux).},
	keywords = {convection naturelle, couplage eulerien-lagrangien, couplage fluide-structure, couplage vitesse-pression, domaines fictifs, écoulements multiphasiques, énergétique, Front-tracking, hydroplanage, immersed boundary method, immersed interface method, lagrangien augmenté, maillage structuré curviligne, Mécanique des fluides numérique, méthodes de pénalisation, projection de pression, ray-casting},
	url = {http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/index.php?halsid=he1ld0gdieqcgm4qhu2nktvs75\&view_this_doc=tel-00460206\&version=1},
	author = {Arthur Sarthou}
}

@phdthesis {80,
	title = {Modélisation du transfert des aérosols dans un local ventilé},
	volume = {PhD Thesis, Université de Toulouse},
	year = {2009},
	month = {03/2009},
	school = {Université de Toulouse},
	address = {Toulouse},
	abstract = {La protection des opérateurs et la surveillance des ambiances de travail en cas de mise en suspension d'aérosols radioactifs, dans un local ventilé d'une installation nucléaire, requièrent la connaissance de l'évolution spatio-temporelle de la concentration en particules, en tout point du local considéré. L'estimation précise de cette concentration a fait l'objet du développement de modèles spécifiques de transport et de dépôt d'aérosols dans un local ventilé, dans le cadre d'une thèse cofinancée par l'IRSN et EDF, en collaboration avec l'IMFT. Un formalisme eulérien de glissement est utilisé pour modéliser le transport des aérosols. Celui-ci est basé sur une unique équation de transport des concentrations en particules ({\guillemotleft} Diffusion-Inertia model {\guillemotright}). L'étude spécifique du dépôt d'aérosols en parois a permis de développer un modèle de couche limite, qui consiste à déterminer précisément le flux de dépôt de particules en parois, quels que soient le régime de dépôt et l'orientation de la surface considérée. Les modèles de transport et de dépôt finalement retenus ont été implantés dans Code\_Saturne, un logiciel de mécanique des fluides. La validation de ces modèles a été effectuée à partir de données de la littérature en géométries simples, puis sur la base de campagnes expérimentales de traçage dans des locaux ventilés d'environ 30 m{\textthreesuperior} et 1500 m{\textthreesuperior}. ABSTRACT : When particulate radioactive contamination is likely to become airborne in a ventilated room, assessment of aerosol concentration in every point of this room is important, in order to ensure protection of operators and supervision of workspaces. Thus, a model of aerosol transport and deposition has been developed as part of a project started with IRSN, EDF and IMFT. A simplified eulerian model, called ``diffusion-inertia model'' is used for particle transport. It contains a single transport equation of aerosol concentration. The specific study of deposition on walls has permitted to develop a boundary condition approach, which determines precisely the particle flux towards the wall in the boundary layer, for any deposition regime and surface orientation.The final transport and deposition models retained have been implemented in a CFD code called Code\_Saturne. These models have been validated according to literature data in simple geometries and tracing experiments in ventilated rooms, which have been carried out in 30 m{\textthreesuperior} and 1500 m{\textthreesuperior} laboratory rooms.},
	keywords = {aérosol, dépôt de particules, écoulements gaz-particules, locaux ventilés, simulations CFD, traçage gazeux, traçage particulaire},
	author = {Philippe Nerisson}
}

@article {289,
	title = {Reconstruction of turbulent fluctuations for hybrid RANS/LES simulations using a Synthetic-Eddy Method},
	journal = {International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {435-442},
	abstract = {A coupling methodology between an upstream Reynolds Averaged Navier{\textendash}Stokes (RANS) simulation and a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) further downstream is presented. The focus of this work is on the RANS-to-LES interface inside an attached turbulent boundary layer, where an unsteady LES content has to be explicitly generated from a steady RANS solution. The performance of the Synthetic-Eddy Method (SEM), which generates realistic synthetic eddies at the inflow of the LES, is investigated on a wide variety of turbulent flows, from simple channel and square duct flows to the flow over an airfoil trailing edge. The SEM is compared to other existing methods of generation of synthetic turbulence for LES, and is shown to reduce substantially the distance required to develop realistic turbulence downstream of the inlet.},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142727X09000538},
	author = {N. Jarrin and R. Prosser and J-C. Uribe and S. Benhamadouche and D. Laurence}
}

@phdthesis {99,
	title = {Application d'un code de CFD atmosphérique à l'estimation du productible éolien en terrain complexe},
	volume = {PhD Thesis, Université Paris-Est},
	year = {2008},
	school = {Université Paris-Est},
	address = {Marne la vallée},
	abstract = {La thèse se décompose en deux parties. La première concerne l'utilisation du code de CFD atmosphérique Mercure Saturne pour estimer le potentiel éolien en terrain complexe. Une campagne de mesure a été menée par EDF pour disposer de données d'entrée et de validation. Une méthodologie a été développée utilisant des profils méso-échelle comme conditions limites du code CFD. Elle utilise la classification automatique pour réduire le nombre de simulations nécessaires au calcul du potentiel. La validation du code sur le cas connu de la colline d'Askervein, la méthodologie et les comparaisons avec les mesures sur le site complexe choisi sont présentées et discutées. La seconde partie concerne l'étude des sillages avec le code Mercure Saturne. Une méthode de représentation des efforts, exercés par les pales sur le vent, utilisant des termes sources a été implémentée. Ces derniers sont calculés par la méthode BEM. Deux comparaisons en soufflerie sont proposées pour la validation},
	keywords = {askervein, BEM, CFD, énergie éolienne, meso-microéchelle, potentiel éolien, productible, sillage, terrain complexe},
	url = {http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/index.php?halsid=96kejgls4lh114cd53ili2u2j6\&view_this_doc=tel-00489343\&version=1},
	author = {Laurent Laporte}
}

@phdthesis {98,
	title = {Contribution à l'analyse et à la modélisation des écoulements turbulents en régime de convection mixte. Application à l'entreposage des déchets radioactifs},
	volume = {PhD Thesis, Université de Poitiers},
	year = {2008},
	school = {Université de Poitiers},
	address = {Poitiers},
	abstract = {Dans le cadre de la problématique du refroidissement des déchets radioactifs, ce travail a pour objectifs l'étude de l'écoulement autour d'un cylindre chauffant monté en paroi soumis à un écoulement transverse selon l'approche URANS. Les limitations bien connues de la modélisation au premier ordre conduisent à considérer une approche au deuxième ordre. C'est dans ce sens qu'un modèle d'échange thermique est développé puis validé sur des cas académiques. Dans un premier temps, lorsque le régime de convection mixte est dominant, ces calculs, réalisés par le modèle bas-Reynolds k{\textendash}w SST, et complétés par un calcul isotherme, mettent en évidence de nombreuses structures tourbillonnaires recensées par la bibliographie. Un calcul avec le modèle haut-Reynolds Rij{\textendash}epsilon SSG est aussi effectué. Avec le modèle k{\textendash}w SST, l'échange thermique est convenablement reproduit par rapport à l'expérience VALIDA, conduite par le CEA, alors qu'avec le modèle Rij{\textendash}epsilon SSG celui-ci est fortement sous-estimé, certainement en raison de l'utilisation de lois de paroi. Dans un second temps, lorsque la convection naturelle est prépondérante, la topologie des écoulements est alors complètement différente et le transfert thermique est bien moins fidèle à l'expérience VALIDA. Le modèle à pondération elliptique EB{\textendash}RSM, issu de l'approche de Durbin, consiste en la prise en compte des effets de paroi, et en particulier le blocage à la paroi. D'après ce formalisme, un modèle algébrique des flux thermiques avec pondération elliptique est développé, l'EB-AFM. Avec ce modèle, des tests a priori dans les trois régimes de convection puis les simulations sur les m{\^e}mes cas montrent une nette amélioration dans la prédiction des différents écoulements faisant place à une perspective intéressante d'un modèle intermédiaire entre une formulation SGDH et des équations de transport.},
	keywords = {chaleur-convection, dépôts de déchets radioactifs, modèles mathématiques, nombre de, refroidissement., Reynolds, turbulence},
	url = {http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/index.php?id=1359},
	author = {Yannick Lecocq}
}

@article {288,
	title = {Heavy particle dispersion from a point source in turbulent pipe flow},
	journal = {International Journal of Multiphase Flow},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {916-923},
	abstract = {Dispersion of heavy particles from a point source in high-Reynolds pipe flow was studied using large-eddy simulation, LES. A stochastic Langevin type Lagrangian model developed by Berrouk et al. was used to account for heavy particle transport by the sub-grid scale motion. In both the LES and in an experiment by Arnason, the larger particles dispersed more than the small ones. The change in diffusivity with particle size is interpreted in terms of the effect of inertia and cross-trajectory effects and qualitatively compared with the analysis of heavy particle dispersion in isotropic turbulence by Wang and Stock. Particle inertia has a much larger influence on the dispersion than the crossing-trajectories effects.},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301932208000748},
	author = {Abdallah S. Berrouk and David E. Stock and Dominique Laurence and James J. Riley}
}

@phdthesis {248,
	title = {Modélisation de la combustion du gaz naturel par réseaux de réacteurs avec cinétique chimique détaillée},
	volume = {PhD Thesis,  Ecole Centrale Paris},
	year = {2008},
	school = {Ecole Centrale Paris},
	address = {Paris},
	abstract = {
Dans un contexte environnemental fort, la législation Européenne actuelle impose aux centrales thermiques à gaz des limites d'émission à 25 ppmvd pour le monoxyde de carbone (CO) et les oxydes d'azote (NOx). L'exploitant est alors contraint de régler finement ses machines pour éviter l'imposition de pénalités financières. Afin d'orienter les opérateurs vers les réglages optimaux, un outil numérique est développé. Il a pour but de prédire les émissions polluantes avec précision (quelques ppmvd), rapidité (utilisation sur site) et pour toutes sortes de configurations (géométrie, conditions de fonctionnement). Toutefois, modéliser et simuler la formation d'espèces minoritaires dans un écoulement turbulent réactif reste, aujourd'hui encore, un challenge scientifique et numérique en raison des larges spectres spatiaux et temporels mis en jeu. La solution proposée dans cette thèse consiste à réaliser un calcul CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) basé sur un mécanisme réactionnel simple en vue de construire un réseau de réacteurs 0D incluant une cinétique chimique détaillée. Une méthodologie générale est présentée pour le découpage de l'écoulement en zones statistiquement homogènes qui, une fois connectées, forment un réseau de réacteurs. Deux modèles de réseaux de réacteurs sont définis et prennent ou non en compte les fluctuations turbulentes (densité de probabilité) et une distribution des temps de séjour dans chaque réacteur. Des études de sensibilité des émissions de NOx à l'hygrométrie, à la variabilité combustible et aux changements de charge sont menées. La comparaison aux mesures sur site souligne la représentativité des modèles proposés. Enfin, une nouvelle modélisation du terme source chimique moyen est introduite (méthode de tabulation du terme source chimique et nouvelle densité de probabilité) pour permettre une prédiction affinée des émissions de NOx dès le calcul CFD.},
	keywords = {0D reactor networks, CFD, cinétique détaillée, combustion turbulente, detailed kinetics, émissions de NOx, gas turbines, gaz naturel, modélisation physique, natural gas, Nox emissions, numerical simulation, physical modelling, réseaux de réacteurs 0D, Simulation numérique, turbines à gaz, Turbulent combustion},
	url = {http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00549790/},
	author = {Vincent Fichet}
}

@phdthesis {100,
	title = {Modélisation des arcs électriques dans le contexte du foudroiement des aéronefs},
	volume = {PhD Thesis, Université de Rouen},
	year = {2008},
	school = {Université de Rouen},
	address = {Rouen},
	abstract = {Ce travail porte sur l'étude des arcs électriques dans le contexte du foudroiement des aéronefs. Une
modélisation tridimensionnelle et instationnaire de l'arc de foudre est réalisée à l'aide d'un modèle
magnétohydrodynamique résistif, qui s'appuie sur les hypothèses d'un plasma à l'équilibre
thermodynamique local, d'un écoulement incompressible et dilatable, et d'un champ
électromagnétique statique. Cette modélisation permet de simuler deux aspects caractéristiques de
l'arc qui interviennent dans un foudroiement d'aéronef. Le premier porte sur sa tortuosité et ses
mouvements chaotiques, que l'on compare à des mesures expérimentales obtenues au niveau de la
mer. Les simulations faites à des altitudes de vol de l'aéronef (changement de la densité de l'air) ne
modifient pas les caractéristiques de l'arc, validant la représentativité des essais de certification au sol.
Le second aspect étudié porte sur l'interaction de l'arc avec la surface foudroyée. Il s{\textquoteleft}agit de simuler
un dispositif d'essais de certification de matériau qui reproduit en laboratoire les conséquences d'un
foudroiement. Les simulations de ce dispositif mettent en évidence le rôle fondamental des forces
magnétiques et convectives dans le déplacement tridimensionnel de l'arc en accord avec les
observations. L'analyse des simulations a permis d'élaborer une modélisation axisymétrique de
l'interaction du pied d'arc avec le matériau à tester au moins 50 fois plus économique en co{\^u}t de
calcul. Les résultats de simulation montrent, en accord avec les observations, que les dommages
occasionnés sur la plaque d'aluminium étudiée sont plus importants lorsque cette plaque est une
cathode, et qu'ils augmentent avec le courant pour une m{\^e}me quantité de charge injectée.},
	keywords = {Arc électrique, canal de l'éclair, effets directs, essais de tenue, foudroiement, instationnaire, interaction, pied d'arc},
	url = {http://publications.onera.fr/exl-php/vue-consult/onera_vue_publique_internet/DOC376449},
	author = {Laurent Chemartin}
}

@phdthesis {97,
	title = {Modélisation stochastique du dépôt et du réentraînement de particules dans un écoulement turbulent},
	volume = {PhD Thesis, Université Henri Poincaré},
	year = {2008},
	school = {Université Henri Poincaré},
	address = {Nancy 1},
	abstract = {Ce travail de thèse consiste en la formulation, l'implémentation et le test de nouveaux modèles pour simuler le dépôt et la resuspension de particules dans un écoulement turbulent dans le cadre des méthodes Lagrangiennes stochastiques. Dans la première partie, un nouveau modèle pour calculer le taux de dépôt est proposé : il est basé sur une description 1D de la vitesse de l'écoulement vu par une particule dans la couche limite turbulente, et simule explicitement les interactions entre les particules et certaines structures cohérentes de proche paroi. Le modèle est d'abord validé en vérifiant que les statistiques importantes de l'écoulement sont bien retrouvées avec des particules fluides, puis est appliqué avec des particules solides pour calculer le taux de dépôt. Un bon accord avec les expériences disponibles est alors obtenu.

La seconde partie de la thèse est consacrée à la modélisation de la remise en suspension de particules. Le modèle que nous avons développé met en relief le rôle joué par la rugosité de surface : pour calculer les forces d'adhésion, une représentation stochastique à deux échelles de la distribution des aspérités de surfaces est proposée, et le parcours d'une particule sur la paroi est modélisé ; la remise en suspension étant alors éventuellement provoquée par un choc avec une aspérité. Les résultats du modèle sont en accord satisfaisant avec les données expérimentales.},
	keywords = {dépôt de particules, écoulement turbulent, méthode lagrangienne, Modèle stochastique, réentrainement de particules},
	author = {Mathieu Guingo}
}

@article{GUINGO2008957,
title = {A new model for the simulation of particle resuspension by turbulent flows based on a stochastic description of wall roughness and adhesion forces},
journal = {Journal of Aerosol Science},
volume = {39},
number = {11},
pages = {957-973},
year = {2008},
issn = {0021-8502},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2008.06.007},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021850208001171},
author = {Mathieu Guingo and Jean-Pierre Minier},
keywords = {Particle resuspension, Reentrainment, Surface roughness, Stochastic model},
abstract = {We propose in this paper a new model aiming at simulating particle reentrainment in turbulent flows using stochastic Lagrangian methods. The resuspension model presented here emphasizes the role played by surface roughness in the reentrainment process, both in the stochastic calculation of adhesion forces based on a random model of large-scale and fine-scale wall asperities and in a newly proposed kinetic scenario of resuspension. The whole model has been implemented in a dedicated code and statistics of interest are obtained through Monte Carlo simulations. A step-by-step validation process is carried out by first assessing the adhesion-force sub-model, before analyzing the ability of the model to predict particle onset along the wall as measured in recent experimental studies. The complete particle resuspension model is then validated by comparing numerical outcomes to experimental data, where it is seen that the model is able to capture the various phenomena quite well. The present work follows a precedent study devoted to the modeling of particle deposition [Guingo, M., & Minier, J.-P. (2007). A stochastic model of coherent structures in boundary layers for the simulation of particle deposition in turbulent flows. In: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on multiphase flow. Leipzig, Germany; Guingo, M., & Minier, J.-P. (2008). A stochastic model of coherent structures for particle deposition in turbulent flows. Physics of Fluids 20, 053303].}
}

@PHDTHESIS{monfo2009,
	title = {Approche zonale sans maillage pour la modélisation de la turbulence pariétale en Simulation des Grandes Echelles},
	volume = {PhD Thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions },
	year = {2009},
	pages = "1 vol. ( 113 p.)",
	note = "Thèse de doctorat dirigée par Sagaut, Pierre  Sciences de l'ingénieur Paris 6 2009",
	school = {Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions },
	address = {Paris},
	abstract = {La nécessité de modéliser finement la turbulence pariétale apparaît dès lors que l'on s'intéresse à des écoulements industriels à grand nombre de Reynolds, en particulier avec une approche "Simulation des Grandes Échelles". Cependant, la plupart de ces études nécessite le recourt, aujourd'hui encore, à une modélisation de la turbulence pariétale par des lois de parois. Ce présent mémoire s'attache à repartir des hypothèses de base et à construire une modélisation de la turbulence pariétale incorporant plus de sens physique (dont principalement le gradient de pression), et ce sans ajouter à la difficulté du problème celle inhérente à la création d'un deuxième maillage comme dans les modélisations de type équations de couches limites.

Après un état des lieux des approches standards, la méthode proposée dans le cadre de cette thèse est décrite pour les équations de la dynamique, ainsi qu'une extension au cas général d'un scalaire transporté. Cette approche est ensuite validée par l'étude d'un écoulement en canal plan puis son apport est examiné sur le cas de la dune périodique.},
	keywords = {approche zonale, LES, lois de parois},
	author = {Monfort, David},
	url = "http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066201",
}

@PHDTHESIS{robin2007,
	title = {Contribution à la Modélisation des Écoulements Turbulents Réactifs Partiellement Prémélangés},
	author = {Robin, Vincent},
	year = {2007},
	volume = {PhD Thesis, Université de Poitiers},
	school = {Université de Poitiers},
	address = {Poitiers},
	pages = "1 vol. (XXV-246 p.)",
	note = "Thèse de doctorat dirigée par Champion, Michel et Mura, Arnaud Energétique, thermique, combustion Poitiers 2007",
	keywords = {combustion turbulente, dissipation scalaire, modélisation, prémélange partiel, Simulation numérique, transport turbulent},
	url = {http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00258526/},
	abstract = {Ce mémoire de thèse est consacré à la modélisation des écoulements turbulents réactifs dans des cas où les mélanges combustible-air peuvent ne pas être parfaitement prémélangés. Les hypothèses de Schvab-Zeldovich permettent alors d'utiliser seulement deux variables pour caractériser l'état thermochimique du mélange. Nous choisissons ici la fraction de mélange  pour décrire la composition des gaz frais et la fraction massique de combustible Y pour évaluer l'avancement de la réaction. L'analyse repose sur le formalisme LW-P, ici étendu au second ordre en proposant une PDF jointe des scalaires et de la vitesse composée de distributions de Dirac. Nous présentons également de nouvelles fermetures algébriques pour les termes de dissipation des fluctuations des quantités scalaires associés au mélange à petite échelle. L'analyse des effets des fluctuations de pression conduit à la proposition de nouvelles fermetures des équations pour les tensions de Reynolds et des flux turbulents scalaires. Ces fermetures prennent en compte les phénomènes de production de turbulence par les flammes et de diffusion non-gradient dans des cas partiellement prémélangés. Les modèles développés ici sont implantés dans le logiciel de mécanique des fluides numérique Code-Saturne et validés en utilisant tout d'abord la configuration ORACLES du LCD puis la flamme en V turbulente étudiée expérimentalement au CORIA. Ces deux dispositifs expérimentaux permettent l'étude de la combustion partiellement prémélangée. Les simulations numériques de ces deux écoulements, utilisant le modèle LW-P, ont donné des résultats en bon accord avec les données expérimentales.},
}

@article{FOURNIER20071729,
title = {Evaluation of fluid flow in the lower core of a PWR with Code_Saturne},
journal = {Nuclear Engineering and Design},
volume = {237},
number = {15},
pages = {1729-1744},
year = {2007},
note = {NURETH-11},
issn = {0029-5493},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2007.02.025},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0029549307002178},
author = {Yvan Fournier and Christelle Vurpillot and Céline Béchaud},
abstract = {In order to better understand the stresses to which fuel rods are subjected, we need to improve our knowledge of the fluid flow inside the core. The first spacer grid region is of particular interest, as fuel rod fretting has sometimes been observed at that level. Entry conditions depend on the geometry of the lower core plate and of the assembly nozzles. Distribution of flow in the downcomer and lower plenum is also a factor. A series of calculations are thus run with the incompressible Navier–Stokes solver, Code_Saturne, using a classical RANS turbulence model. The first calculations involve a global geometry, including part of the cold legs, downcomer, lower plenum, and lower core of a pressurized water reactor. The level of detail includes most obstacles below the core. The lower core plate and the fuel rod assemblies above it cannot be well represented within a practical mesh size, so that a head loss model is used. Different types of assemblies can be represented through different head loss coefficients. We make full use of Code_Saturne’s non-conforming mesh possibilities to represent a complex geometry, being careful to retain a good mesh quality. Steady-state or near steady-state results are obtained, which may be used as realistic entry conditions for full core calculations at assembly width resolution, and beyond those, mechanical strain calculations. We are especially interested in more detailed flow conditions and in the lower core area, so as in the future to quantify vibrational input. This requires a much higher resolution, which is limited to a scale of a few assemblies for practical reasons. At this scale, most of the features of the fuel rods, nozzles, and guide tubes are represented, though the geometry of the spacer grids is still much simplified, and details such as debris-trapping grids are ignored. Different meshes are used for different fuel types. For the moment, a constant velocity upstream of the lower core plate is used as an inlet condition. We have also built a small lower fuel rod assembly mock-up (1/5 scale 7 × 7 tube, 3 × 3 assemblies) with which we plan to obtain detailed flow information, and better qualify the use of our CFD codes with regards to this type of application.},
}

@phdthesis {103,
	title = {Modélisation de la dispersion atmosphérique en milieu complexe et incertitudes associées},
	volume = {PhD T, Ecole Nationale des ponts et Chaussées},
	year = {2007},
	school = {Ecole Nationale des ponts et Chaussées},
	address = {Marne la vallée},
	abstract = {L'étude de l'impact des rejets atmosphériques industriels en fonctionnement normal ou des
risques liés aux émissions accidentelles nécessite aujourd'hui l'utilisation d'outils numériques.
Ceux-ci présentent des degrés de complexité divers et sont adaptés aux diérentes échelles de
l'atmosphère. à l'échelle locale, les modèles gaussiens sont les plus utilisés par les équipes opé-
rationnelles, présentant l'avantage d'{\^e}tre économiques en terme de co{\^u}t de calcul. Ils peuvent
en revanche s'avérer partiellement ou totalement inadaptés aux cas complexes o{\`u} la dispersion
est fortement inuencée par la présence de bâtiments et/ou d'un relief accidenté. Dans de telles
situations, les modèles CFD atmosphériques, dont ceux fondés sur une approche RANS, orent
une alternative intéressante mais augmentent considérablement le co{\^u}t numérique. Par ailleurs,
ils présentent également des lacunes qui leur sont propres et qu'il est nécessaire d'identier. Aussi,
l'ingénierie dans le domaine de la dispersion atmosphérique a-t-elle besoin de bénécier d'une
évaluation comparative de ces diérentes approches et d'une méthodologie adaptée à un cadre
opérationnel.
Au cours de cette thèse, des réponses sont apportées quant à l'intér{\^e}t oert par les mod
èles CFD associés à une approche RANS à diusivité turbulente, à l'instar du modèle Mercure_
Saturne, pour la modélisation de la dispersion en champ proche et en zone complexe, en
regard du rapport entre qualité des prédictions et temps de calcul oert par les modèles fondés
sur une formulation gaussienne. Dans un premiers temps, ces diérents modèles sont comparés
sur une expérience de rejet surfacique en terrain plat que constitue la campagne Prairie Grass,
permettant d'évaluer sur un cas simple l'outil CFD Mercure_Saturne par rapport à la formulation
gaussienne, dont la paramétrisation des écarts-types de la dispersion est ici issue de Briggs
(1973) et Doury (1976). Le modèle Mercure_Saturne est ensuite comparé à la plateforme de
dispersion ADMS pour la modélisation de la dispersion atmosphérique sur le site CNPE de Bugey
dont l'orientation des bâtiments par rapport aux directions principales du vent inuence
grandement les processus dispersifs. Cette étude s'appuie sur les mesures en souerie réalisées
en amont par le LMFA. Dans un derniers temps, la comparaison se poursuit par la modélisation
de la dispersion sur le site CNPE de Flamanville dont la particularité est la présence d'une falaise
abrupte accolée aux bâtiments réacteurs. Encore une fois, des données en souerie fournies par
le LMFA servent de support à l'évaluation des modèles.
Enn, une attente concerne aujourd'hui l'incertitude portant sur les résultats fournis par
les modèles, liée à celle inhérente aux données d'entrée. Dans ce but, nous proposons ici deux
approches permettant d'y répondre dans le cas précis de la modélisation de la dispersion sur
le site CNPE de Bugey à l'aide du modèle Mercure_Saturne. La première, très connue, est la
méthode de Monte-Carlo qui permet dans le m{\^e}me temps d'accéder à la variabilité globale des
variables d'intér{\^e}t et de quantier l'importance relative de chacune des variables d'entrée. La
seconde, la méthode de Morris, permet une hiérarchisation des facteurs d'entrée en fonction de
leur inuence sur les sorties.},
	url = {http://cerea.enpc.fr/fr/theses.html},
	author = {Emmanuel Dema{\"e}l}
}

@phdthesis {101,
	title = {Modélisation de la turbulence en situation instationnaire par approches URANS et HYBRIDE RANS-LES. Prise en compte des effets de paroi par pondération elliptique},
	volume = {PhD Thesis, Université de Poitiers},
	year = {2007},
	school = {Université de Poitiers},
	address = {Poitiers},
	abstract = {L'objectif de ce travail est de prendre en compte les instationnarités naturelles à grande échelle dans les écoulements décollés et à un co{\^u}t plus faible que la LES, tout en s'intéressant à la modélisation des effets de paroi par des modèles statistiques au second ordre. S'inspirant des approches de Durbin, le modèle à pondération elliptique EB-RSM reproduit l'effet non-local de blocage, en résolvant une équation différentielle sur le terme de pression. La limite à deux composantes de la turbulence est bien prédite en canal. Ce modèle est appliqué à la marche descendante, dans une approche URANS. Nous avons montré que les erreurs numériques peuvent {\^e}tre suffisantes pour exciter le mode le plus instable de la couche cisaillée, et aboutir à une solution instationnaire. La solution est stationnaire quand on raffine le maillage, rendant l'URANS peu fiable. Récemment, Schiestel \& Dejoan ont proposé le modèle hybride non-zonal PITM. Le coefficient $C_{\e_2}$ de l'équation de la dissipation devient fonction de la coupure dans le spectre, et la valeur $C_{\e_1}=3/2$ est déduite par ces auteurs. Nous avons donné une formulation plus générale o{\`u} la valeur de $C_{\e_1}$ est quelconque. Pour offrir un formalisme plus cohérent aux modèles hybrides non-zonaux dans les écoulements de paroi, une approche basée sur un filtrage temporel est proposée. Enfin, l'adaptation du modèle EB-RSM dans un cadre hybride a été réalisée. Les résultats en canal sont encourageants : la transition continue d'un modèle RANS en proche paroi à une LES au centre du canal est mise en évidence. Le transfert d'énergie des échelles modélisées vers celles résolues est bien reproduit quand on raffine le maillage.},
	keywords = {Bas-Reynolds, Blocage, Canal, Ecoulement de proche paroi, Effet non-local, Equation de la dissipation, Marche descendante, Modèle aux tensions de Reynolds, Modèle hybride RANS-LES non-zonal, Modèle PITM, Modélisation de la turbulence, Moyenne de Reynolds, Pondération elliptique, Relaxation elliptique, Simulation URANS, Théorie spectrale de la turbulence et Filtrage temporel},
	url = {http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00163592/en/},
	author = {Atabak Fadai-Ghotbi}
}

@phdthesis {102,
	title = {Modélisation numérique des aérosols à l'échelle locale},
	volume = {PhD Thesis, Ecole Nationale des ponts et Chaussées},
	year = {2007},
	school = {Ecole Nationale des ponts et Chaussées},
	address = {Marne la vallée},
	abstract = {A l'échelle locale et dans les zones habitées, une part importante de la pollution particulaire est imputable au trafic automobile. Plus précisément, il contribue fortement à l'augmentation des concentrations en nombre. Principalement deux sources de particules sont reliées au trafic. L'émission primaire de particules de suies et la formation de nanoparticules secondaires par nucléation. Les émissions et les mécanismes menant à la formation de cette distribution bimodale sont encore mal connus de nos jours. Dans cette thèse, on propose de tenter de répondre à cette problématique par la modélisation numérique. Le modèle modal d'aérosols MAM est utilisé, couplé à deux codes 3D : un CFD (Mercure Saturne) et un CTM (Polair3D). La méthode consiste à effectuer des tests de sensibilité, à l'échelle d'un bord de route mais aussi dans les premiers mètres du panache d'échappement, afin d'identifier les rôles respectifs des divers processus ainsi que les paramètres sensibles de la modélisation.},
	keywords = {aérosol, coagulation, condensation, échelle locale, Modélisation numérique},
	url = {http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/index.php?halsid=ab3f3t32kh8rp2lmqdsa7845f0\&view_this_doc=pastel-00002574\&version=1},
	author = {Bastien Albriet}
}

@article {Aounallah20071683,
	title = {Numerical investigation of turbulent natural convection in an inclined square cavity with a hot wavy wall},
	journal = {International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer},
	volume = {50},
	number = {9{\textendash}10},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {1683 - 1693},
	abstract = {The turbulent natural convection of air flow in a confined cavity with two differentially heated side walls is investigated numerically up to Rayleigh number of 1012. The objective of the present work is to study the effect of the inclination angle and the amplitude of the undulation on turbulent heat transfer. The low-Reynolds-number k{\textendash}ε, k{\textendash}ω, k{\textendash}ω{\textendash}SST RANS models and a coarse DNS are used and compared to the experimental benchmark data of Ampofo and Karayiannis [F. Ampofo, T.G. Karayiannis, Experimental benchmark data for turbulent natural convection in an air filled square cavity, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 46 (2003) 3551{\textendash}3572]. The k{\textendash}ω{\textendash}SST model is then used for the following test-cases as it gives the closest results to experimental data and coarse DNS for this case. The mean flow quantities and temperature field show good agreement with coarse DNS and measurements, but there are some slight discrepancies in the prediction of the turbulent statistics. Also, the numerical results of the heat flux at the hot wall are over predicted. The strong influence of the undulation of the cavity and its orientation is well shown. The trend of the local heat transfer is wavy with different frequencies for each undulation. The turbulence causes an increase in the convective heat transfer on the wavy wall surface compared to the square cavity for high Rayleigh numbers. A correlation of the mean Nusselt number function of the Rayleigh number is also proposed for the range of Rayleigh numbers of 109{\textendash}1012.},
	keywords = {Heat transfer},
	issn = {0017-9310},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.10.015},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0017931006005849},
	author = {M. Aounallah and Y. Addad and S. Benhamadouche and O. Imine and L. Adjlout and Laurence, D}
}

@article {springerlink:10.1007/s10546-006-9110-4,
	title = {Numerical simulations of pollutant dispersion in an idealized urban area, for different meteorological conditions},
	journal = {Boundary-Layer Meteorology},
	volume = {122},
	year = {2007},
	note = {10.1007/s10546-006-9110-4},
	pages = {321-342},
	publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
	abstract = {In order to estimate the impacts of buildings on air pollution dispersion, numerical simulations are performed over an idealized urban area, modelled as regular rows of large rectangular obstacles. The simulations are evaluated with the results of the Mock Urban Setting Test (MUST), which is a near full-scale experiment conducted in Utah's West Desert area: it consists of releases of a neutral gas in a field of regularly spaced shipping containers. The numerical simulations are performed with the model Mercure_Saturne , which is a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics code adapted to atmospheric flow and dispersion simulations. It resolves complex geometries and uses, in this study, a k {\textendash} ∈ closure for the turbulence model. Sensitivity studies focus on how to prescribe the inflow conditions for turbulent kinetic energy. Furthermore, different sets of coefficients available in the literature for the k {\textendash} ∈ closure model are tested. Twenty MUST trials with different meteorological conditions are simulated and detailed analyses are performed for both the dynamical variables and average concentration. Our results show overall good agreement according to statistical comparison parameters, with a fraction of predictions for average concentration within a factor of two of observations of 67.1\%. The set of simulations offers several inflow wind directions and allows us to emphasize the impact of elongated buildings, which create a deflection of the plume centerline relative to the upstream wind direction.},
	issn = {0006-8314},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10546-006-9110-4},
	author = {Maya Milliez and Carissimo, Bertrand}
}

@article{Dal2007,
	abstract = {The paper presents the results of numerical simulations in Computational Fluid Dynamics Code Code\_SaturneŽ of existing protection air system in front wall fired boiler KS type OP6S0 in Rybnik Power Plant (ERSA). Simulations without existing protection air system (WPAS), with existing protection air system (EPAS), with simple modification of existing protection air system (MEPAS) by changing the direction of protection air nozzles, and with more expensive modification by adding new air nozzles (NEPAS) were done. The influence of the swirl in OFA ports on the flue gas composition near the walls was determined. The paper presents also the dependence between the primary, secondary and tertiary air swirls directions in the bumers and the flame symmetry in the fumace.},
	affiliation = {EDF R&D, Dpt. MFEE, 6 quai Watier, 78401 Chatou CEDEX, France, tel. +33 1-30-87-70-36, fax +33 1-3087 -74-61},
	author = {Dal-Secco, S. and Hernik, B. and Pronobis, M. and Wejkowski, R.},
	journal = {Archivum Combustionis},
	keywords = {air system protection},
	language = {English},
	pages = {9-18},
	title = {Simulations of Protection Air System in Front Wall Fired Boiler OP650 in Rybnik Power Plant},
	volume = {Vol. 27 nr 1-2},
	year = {2007},
}

@phdthesis {105,
	title = {Large Eddy Simulation with the unstructured collocated arrangement},
	volume = {PhD Thesis, The University of Manchester},
	year = {2006},
	school = {University of Manchester},
	address = {Manchester},
	abstract = {Several industrial applications of CFD, such as thermal fatigue, aero-acoustic
noise or fluid-structure interaction need to capture the unsteady behaviour of an
incompressible flow. Large Eddy Simulation is the only reasonable approach in
CFD to obtain a time-dependent solution, as well demonstrated on academic cases.
However, performing LES on fully unstructured finite-volume grids, as required for
complex industrial geometries, as well as to locally adapt the grid resolution to the
large spatial variations of turbulent scales, remains challenging. The main purpose
of the present work is to deal with the collocated arrangement implemented in the
in-house {\textasciiacute}Electricit{\textasciiacute}e De France (EDF) code Code Saturne and to show whether
reasonable LES computations are feasible with this discretization.
Several numerical issues such as numerical dissipation are first analyzed in a
discrete sense. It is found that the Rhie and Chow interpolation, widely used in all
the collocated approaches, introduces a numerical dissipation which drains energy
equally at all the wave-numbers. Removing this interpolation on regular Cartesian
grids allows, with a second order Crank-Nicolson scheme and sub-iterations on the
predictor-corrector algorithm for pressure/velocity coupling, to strictly conserve
kinetic energy. Nevertheless, the interpolation is maintained as it has a stabilizing
effect on skewed grids and as it avoids odd-even decoupling phenomenon. It is also
found that a 'symmetrical' formulation allows to strictly conserve kinetic energy for
the convection term. The use of this formulation alters the second order precision
of the code. Thus, a second order approach for the convection term is kept with
implicit gradient reconstruction for non-orthogonal grids. Finally, sub-iterations
on the predictor-corrector algorithm for pressure/velocity coupling are retained as
this allows to reduce time splitting errors.
A particular attention is then paid to the Decaying Isotropic Turbulence in
order to identify the implicit filter induced by the discretization and to find the
appropriate Smagorinsky constant. It is found that the implicit filter induced by
the numerical discretization with a Smagorinsky model resembles to a Gaussian
filter with a filter-width equal to 2h where h is the grid-spacing in a regular mesh.
The value of the Smagorinsky constant is between 0.16 and 0.18 what corresponds
to consensual values found in the literature for highly accurate discretizations.
The explicit filter employed for the dynamic model is a smoothing operator that
involves all the neighbours of a cell which share a node with it. The filter-width
of this explicit filter is equal, on uniform meshes, to 3h. The averaging of the
Smagorinsky constant is done for its numerator and denominator separately. It
is also shown that local averaging gives reasonable results with the DIT which
is encouraging for industrial simulations in which no homogeneous direction is
available.
The last two academic cases to be tested are the standard and the oscillating
channel flows. After usual tests on structured Cartesian meshes, the ability of nonconforming
meshes to adapt the resolution large eddy scale variations at the wall is
pointed out. The global over-estimation of the mean velocity often observed with Cartesian meshes is cured by introducing local refinements in the near-wall region
using the capabilities of a collocated approach to naturally handle non-conforming
meshes. This solution is very promising to run industrial cases at moderate to high
Reynolds numbers without artificial wall functions. To conclude the channel flow
simulations, a distributed non-conforming mesh is created following the behaviour
of the Kolmogorov scales in each direction in order to obtain a very fine mesh compatible
with a Direct Numerical Simulation resolution but with a lower number of
computational cells than in the conforming cases. The results are very satisfactory
compared to previous DNS calculations on structured grids. This capability can
be exploited to run DNS calculations at higher Reynolds numbers with much less
nodes than in the structured case.
Finally, The potential of LES to predict complex vortical separation is reported
using a 3D axi-symmetric bump considered very challenging by the CFD
community as all Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes attempts totally failed. The
calculations give satisfactory quantitative results. The main physical structures
observed in the experiment are captured. The quantitative results are globally
satisfactory except for the wall-normal component of the velocity which is far from
the experimental results and for the Reynolds stresses which are overestimated.},
	url = {http://cfd.mace.manchester.ac.uk/coffee/papers/phdSofian.pdf},
	author = {Sofiane Benhamadouche}
}

@phdthesis {106,
	title = {Modélisation micro-météorologique en milieu urbain : dispertion des polluants et prise en compte des effets radiatifs},
	volume = {PhD Thesis, Ecole Nationale des ponts et Chaussées},
	year = {2006},
	school = {Ecole Nationale des ponts et Chaussées},
	address = {Marne la vallée},
	abstract = {L'hétérogénéité des espaces urbains et l'interaction avec les bâtiments sont à l'origine de processus complexes à prendre en compte dans les études de pollution atmosphérique et de climat urbain à petite échelle. Afin d'estimer l'impact des bâtiments sur l'écoulement et la dispersion de polluants, une étude détaillée dans un milieu urbain idéalisé a été effectuée avec le modèle numérique tridimensionnel Mercure_Saturne, en modélisant à la fois les concentrations moyennes et leurs fluctuations. Pour prendre en compte le rayonnement atmosphérique en milieu bâti et les effets thermiques des bâtiments, nous avons implémenté un modèle radiatif tridimensionnel adapté à la géométrie complexe. Ce modèle, adapté d'un schéma utilisé pour le rayonnement thermique, résout l'équation des transferts radiatifs en milieu semi-transparent, en utilisant la méthode des ordonnées discrètes. Le nouveau schéma a été validé en milieu transparent sur des cas idéalisés et comparé à un cas complet.},
	keywords = {effets thermique des bâtiments, fluctuations des concentrations, milieu urbain, Modélisation numérique, pollution atmosphérique, rayonnement atmosphérique},
	url = {http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/index.php?halsid=5rtk7j0ufaqps6b5k2fq2l9tt1\&view_this_doc=pastel-00004042\&version=1},
	author = {Maya Milliez}
}

@article {Revell_Benhamadouche_Craft_Laurence_2006,
	title = {A stress strain lag eddy viscosity model for unsteady mean flow},
	journal = {Int J Heat Fluid Flow},
	volume = {27},
	number = {5},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {821{\textendash}830},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0142727X06000774},
	author = {Revell, A and S. Benhamadouche and Craft, T J and Laurence, D R P}
}

@article {Jarrin2006585,
	title = {A synthetic-eddy-method for generating inflow conditions for large-eddy simulations},
	journal = {International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow},
	volume = {27},
	number = {4},
	year = {2006},
	note = {<ce:title>Special Issue of The Fourth International Symposium on Turbulence and Shear Flow Phenomena - 2005</ce:title> <xocs:full-name>Special Issue of The Fourth International Symposium on Turbulence and Shear Flow Phenomena - 2005</xocs:full-name>},
	pages = {585 - 593},
	abstract = {The generation of inflow data for spatially developing turbulent flows is one of the challenges that must be addressed prior to the application of LES to industrial flows and complex geometries. A new method of generation of synthetic turbulence, suitable for complex geometries and unstructured meshes, is presented herein. The method is based on the classical view of turbulence as a superposition of coherent structures. It is able to reproduce prescribed first and second order one point statistics, characteristic length and time scales, and the shape of coherent structures. The ability of the method to produce realistic inflow conditions in the test cases of a spatially decaying homogeneous isotropic turbulence and of a fully developed turbulent channel flow is presented. The method is systematically compared to other methods of generation of inflow conditions (precursor simulation, spectral methods and algebraic methods).},
	keywords = {Channel flow},
	issn = {0142-727X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2006.02.006},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142727X06000282},
	author = {Jarrin, N and S. Benhamadouche and Laurence, D and Prosser, R}
}

@article {46,
	title = {Code\_Saturne: a Finite Volume Code for the Computation of Turbulent Incompressible Flows},
	journal = {International Journal on Finite Volumes},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2004},
	url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01115371/document},
	author = {Archambeau, Frédéric and Méchitoua, Namane and Sakiz, Marc}
}

@phdthesis {107,
	title = {Représentation des nuages chauds dans le modèle météorologique {\guillemotleft} MERCURE {\guillemotright} : Application aux panaches d'aéroréfrigérants et aux précipitations orographiques},
	volume = {PhD Thesis, Université Paris VI},
	year = {2004},
	school = {Université Paris VI},
	address = {Paris},
	abstract = {Un schéma semi-spectral de microphysique chaude à 2 moments est mis en place dans le modèle météorologique {\guillemotleft} MERCURE {\guillemotright}. Une nouvelle écriture du flux de flottabilité () est proposée ; elle est cohérente avec le corrigendum de Mellor (1977) mais diffère de Bougeault (1981). La microphysique nuageuse est validée par des simulations numériques d'une quinzaine de cas de panaches d'aéroréfrigérants qui sont comparées aux données provenant d'une campagne de mesures réalisées au Bugey en 1980. Des résultats satisfaisants sont obtenus sur la forme du panache, sur les champs de température et de vitesse verticale et sur les spectres de gouttelettes ; cependant les simulations ont tendance à surestimer le contenu en eau liquide. Le schéma microphysique est aussi testé sur les simulations de cas académiques de précipitations orographiques de Chaumerliac et al. (1987) et Richard et Chaumerliac (1989). Lors des simulations, nous retrouvons l'action de différents termes microphysiques.},
	keywords = {campagne de mesures du Bugey 1980, flux de flottabilité, mesures aéroportées de microphysique, microphysique des nuages chauds, Modèle météorologique MERCURE, panaches d'aéroréfrigérants, précipitations orographiques, schéma semi-spectral, schéma sous-maille},
	url = {http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/archives0/00/00/93/05/index_fr.html},
	author = {Emmanuel Bouzereau}
}

@article {Benhamadouche2003470,
	title = {LES, coarse LES, and transient RANS comparisons on the flow across a tube bundle},
	journal = {International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow},
	volume = {24},
	number = {4},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Selected Papers from the Fifth International Conference on Engineering Turbulence Modelling and Measurements},
	pages = {470 - 479},
	abstract = {The cross-flow in a staggered tube bundle is computed with an LES and a transient Reynolds stress transport model (RSTM) in 2D and 3D, with two levels of grid refinement. The numerical method is based on a finite volume approach on unstructured grids using a collocated arrangement for all the unknowns. It is shown that the LES results on the fine mesh are comparable to a DNS and experiments and reasonable agreement is still achieved with a coarse mesh. The RSTM also produced satisfactory results in 3D but showed no advantage over the LES when the grid was coarsened. The 2D RSTM, which produced strong vortex shedding, was found to be physically unreasonable.},
	keywords = {Finite volume method},
	issn = {0142-727X},
	doi = {10.1016/S0142-727X(03)00060-2},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142727X03000602},
	author = {S. Benhamadouche and Laurence, D}
}

@article {Jarrin_Prosser_Uribe_Benhamadouche_Laurence_2002,
	title = {Reconstruction of Turbulent Fluctuations Using a Hybrid RANS/LES Approach},
	journal = {Journal of Computational Physics},
	volume = {182},
	number = {1},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {301{\textendash}336},
	publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0142727X09000538},
	author = {Jarrin, N and Prosser, R and Uribe, J C and S. Benhamadouche and Laurence, D}
}
